Fundamentals of Applied Pathophysiology for Paramedics

An essential introduction to pathophysiology for paramedics

Paramedics are specialists in out-of-hospital emergency healthcare; they are also capable of operating as generalist clinicians whose work is indispensable in a variety of healthcare settings. The response to the COVID-19 pandemic, especially, has revealed the versatility of the paramedic workforce. Contemporary paramedic practice continues to break new ground as the workforce is called upon to undertake critical roles in support of the wider healthcare sector. However, to perform their crucial work paramedics require a strong understanding of pathophysiology to enable them to make rapid and effective clinical decisions.

Fundamentals of Applied Pathophysiology for Paramedics is a comprehensive introduction to this subject for aspiring, early-career, and experienced paramedics. This textbook links theory to practice and supports high-quality care in dynamic, fast-paced environments. Drawing on the latest available evidence and clinical best practice, it promises to support current paramedics, and prepare student paramedics for their future as healthcare professionals.

• User-friendly organisation of topics broken down by body systems
• Detailed discussion of patient-focused issues, common and specialised diseases, and more

• Physiological and psychological alerts to aid in diagnosis and response

  Fundamentals of Applied Pathophysiology for Paramedics is ideal for all paramedic students and early career paramedics.

  Autorentext

  ABOUT THE EDITORS

  Ian Peate is Visiting Professor of Nursing at St George's University of London and Kingston University London; Visiting Professor, Northumbria University; Senior Clinical Fellow, University of Hertfordshire; Professorial Fellow, University of Roehampton; Editor-in-Chief of the British Journal of Nursing, Consultant Editor of the Journal of Paramedic Practice, and Consultant Editor of the International Journal of Advancing Practice.

  Dr. Simon Sawyer is the Director of Education at the Australian Paramedical College in Queensland, Australia. Simon has worked as an Advanced Life Support Paramedic since 2012. Simon completed a PhD in Paramedicine and holds an Adjunct Senior Lecturer position with the Paramedicine Department at Griffith University.

  Klappentext

  Fundamentals of Applied Pathophysiology for Paramedics An essential introduction to pathophysiology for paramedics Paramedics are specialists in out-of-hospital emergency healthcare; they are also capable of operating as generalist clinicians whose work is indispensable in a variety of healthcare settings. The response to the COVID-19 pandemic, especially, has revealed the versatility of the paramedic workforce. Contemporary paramedic practice continues to break new ground as the workforce is called upon to undertake critical roles in support of the wider healthcare sector. However, to perform their crucial work paramedics require a strong understanding of pathophysiology to enable them to make rapid and effective clinical decisions. Fundamentals of Applied Pathophysiology for Paramedics is a comprehensive introduction to this subject for aspiring, early-career, and experienced paramedics. This textbook links theory to practice and supports high-quality care in dynamic, fast-paced environments. Drawing on the latest available evidence and clinical best practice, it promises to support current paramedics, and prepare student paramedics for their future as healthcare professionals.

• User-friendly organisation of topics broken down by body systems
• Detailed discussion of patient-focused issues, common and specialised diseases, and more

• Physiological and psychological alerts to aid in diagnosis and response Fundamentals of Applied Pathophysiology for Paramedics is ideal for all paramedic students and early career paramedics.

  Inhalt

  Contributors xiv

  About the Editors xviii

  Preface xix

  Acknowledgements xxi

  Chapter 1 Learning the Language: Terminology 1
  Ian Peate

  Introduction 1

  Anatomy and Physiology 2

  Anatomy 2

  Physiology 8

  Terminology 10

  Pathophysiology 11

  The Determinants of Health 14

  Using a Medical Dictionary, Hints and Tips 15

  Summary 17

  References 17

  Further Reading 18

  Online Resources 18

  Glossary 18

  Multiple Choice Questions 18

  Chapter 2 Cell and Body Tissue Physiology 20
  Terry Dore and Ian Peate

  Introduction 20

  Cell Anatomy and Function 21

  The Cell Membrane 22

  The Cytoplasm 23

  The Nucleus 23

  Cellular Reproduction 24

  Differentiation 26

  Cellular Organelles 26

  Body Tissues 28

  The Ageing Process 29

  Summary 30

  References 30

  Further Reading 31

  Online Resources 31

  Glossary 31

  Multiple Choice Questions 32

  Chapter 3 Homeostasis 34
  Sadie Diamond- Fox and Alexandra Gatehouse

  Introduction 34

  Homeostatic Mechanisms 35

  Thermoregulation 36

  Blood Glucose Homeostasis 38

  Arterial Blood Pressure Homeostasis 41

  Plasma Osmolality and Electrolyte Homeostasis 42

  Acid-Base Homeostasis 45

  Blood Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide Homeostasis 45

  Summary 48

  References 48

  Further Reading 49

  Online Resources 49

  Glossary 49

  Multiple Choice Questions 50

  Chapter 4 Trauma and Inflammation 52
  Kylie Kendrick and Scott Stewart

  Introduction 52

  Pathophysiology of Trauma and Inflammation 54

  Management 57

  Summary 61

  References 61

  Further Reading 64

  Online Resources 64

  Glossary 64

  Multiple Choice Questions 66

  Chapter 5 Shock 68
  Matt Wilkinson- Stokes

  Introduction 68

  Shock 69

  Pathophysiology of Shock 70

  Burn Shock 76

  Stages of Shock 78

  Identification of Shock 81

  Management of Shock 82

  Summary 85

  Acknowledgement 86

  References 86

  Online Resources 87

  Glossary 87

  Multiple Choice Questions 87

  Chapter 6 The Nervous System and Its Associated Disorders 89
  Tom E. Mallinson

  Introduction 89

  Central Nervous System 90

  Peripheral Nervous System 97

  Disorders of the Nervous System 101

  Traumatic Brain Injury 102

  Stroke 111

  Dementia 113

  Seizures and Epilepsy 117

  Summary 120

  References 120

  Further Reading 121

  Online Resources 122

  Glossary 122

  Multiple Choice Questions 123

  Chapter 7 The Cardiovascular System and Its Associated Disorders 125
  Tom E. Mallinson

  Introduction 125

  Gross Anatomy 126

  Cardiac Cycle 129

  Diseases of the Heart 134

  Electrical 143

  Diseases of the Vasculature 145

  Summary 146

  References 146

  Further Reading 147

  Online Resources 147

  Glossary 148

  Multiple Choice Questions 149

  Chapter 8 The Blood and Associated Disorders 151
  David Yore

  Introduction 151

  Functions of Blood 152

  Composition of Blood 152

  Blood Groups 155

  White Blood Cells 156

  Haemostasis 158

  Areas of Internal Bleeding of Concern 161

  Care and Management of Internal Bleeding 163

  Anaemia 166

  Sepsis 169

  External Considerations 170

  Intracranial Bleeding 170

  Leukaemia 171

  Haemophilia 172

  Summary 173

  References 174

  Further Reading 174

  Online Resources 174

  Glossary 175

  Multiple Choice Questions 176

  Chapter 9 The Renal System and Associated Disorders 178
  Liam Rooney

  Introduction 178

  Kidneys 179

  Regulating Blood Pressure: the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 182

  Ureters 183

  Urinary Bladder 184

  Urethra 185

  Disorders of the Renal System 186

  Renal Calculi 186

  Urinary Tract Infections 190

  Glomerular Disease 192

  Diabetic Nephropathy 192

  Acute Kidney Injury 193

  Chronic Kidney Disease 193

  Tumours 194

  Ageing and the Renal System 195

  Trauma 195

  Summary 195

  References 196

  Further Reading 196

  Online Resources 196

  Glossary 197

  Multiple Choice Questions 197

  Chapter 10 The Respiratory System and Associated Disorders 199
  Ian Macleod and Simon Sawyer

  Introduction 200

  Anatomy and Physiology 201

  Disease Processe…