Industrial Microbiology

Teaches everything about industrial microbiology - from the fundamentals to the current state of the art to future prospects

This book brings together the insight and expertise of leading researchers and professionals from across the field of industrial microbiology to give students a handy, practice-oriented text that showcases the industry and the future potential of microbes for industrial processes. After a brief introduction to the technology of microbial processes, the twelve most important application areas for microbial technology are described, from crude bulk chemicals to highly refined biomolecules such as enzymes and antibodies, to the use of microbes in the leaching of minerals and for the treatment of municipal and industrial waste.

Aimed at students of biotechnology, bioengineering, microbiology, and related disciplines, Industrial Microbiology starts with a historic overview of the subject, as well as future perspectives on it. It then goes on to offer in-depth chapter coverage of topics such as: bioprocess engineering; food; industrial alcohols and ketones; organic acids; amino acids; vitamins, nucleotides, and carotenoids; and antibiotics and pharmacologically active compounds. There are also sections on pharmaceutical proteins; enzymes; polysaccharides; steroids; bioleaching; and wastewater treatment processes.

• Offers a modern approach to a key field in applied science
• Focuses on current and future uses of microbes as production organisms, complementing traditional textbooks of microbiology and biotechnology
• Presents an application-oriented account of the topic, focusing on the translation of basic research into industrial processes while citing numerous successful examples
• Written by experts working or collaborating in industrial operations within the field

• Filled with case studies and examples

  Filled with practical, user-friendly material, Industrial Microbiology is an excellent, accessible text for students of microbiology, biotechnology, biochemistry, bioengineering, and life sciences.

  Autorentext
  David Wilson, PhD, was a Professor of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology at Cornell University in Ithaca (USA).

  Hermann Sahm, PhD, is Emeritus Professor of Biotechnology at the University of Düsseldorf (Germany).

  Peter Stahmann, PhD, is Professor for Technical Microbiology at Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg in Senftenberg (Germany).

  Mattheos Koffas, PhD, is Professor of Biology at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy (USA).

  Inhalt
  HISTORICAL OVERVIEW AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE
  Use of fermentation procedures prior to the discovery of microorganisms (Neolithic Era = New Stone Age until 1850)
  Investigation of microorganisms and beginning of industrial microbiology (1850 until 1940)
  Development of new products and processes: antibiotics and other biomolecules (after 1940)
  Genetic engineering as successful tool for industrial microorganisms (after 1980)
  Future perspectives: Synthetic microbiology
  BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING
  Introduction
  Non-structured models
  Oxygen transport
  Heat generating aerobic processes
  Product recovery
  Modeling and simulation of reactor behavior
  Scale-up
  FOOD
  Fermented foods
  Microorganisms and metabolism
  Yeast fermentations - Industrial application of Saccharomyces species
  Vinegar - Incomplete ethanol oxidation by acetic acid bacteria such as Gluconobacter oxidans
  Bacterial and mixed fermentations- Industrial application of lactic acid bacteria, with or without yeast or molds
  Fungi as food
  Conclusions and outlook
  INDUSTRIAL ALCOHOLS AND KETONES
  Introduction
  Ethanol synthesis by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Clostridium autoethanogenum
  1,3-Propanediol synthesis by Escherichia coli
  Butanol and isobutanol synthesis by clostridia and yeast
  Acetone synthesis by solventogenic clostridia
  Outlook
  ORGANIC ACIDS
  Introduction
  Citric acid
  Lactic acid
  Gluconic acid
  Succinic acid
  Itaconic acid
  Downstream options for organic acids
  Perspectives
  AMINO ACIDS
  Introduction
  Production of amino acids
  L-Glutamate synthesis by Corynebacterium glutamicum
  L-Lysine
  L-Threonine synthesis by Escherichia coli
  L-Phenylalanine
  Outlook
  VITAMINS, NUCLEOTIDES, CAROTENOIDS
  Application and economic impact
  L-Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
  Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
  Cobalamin (vitamin B12)
  Purine nucleotides
  ß-Carotene
  Perspectives
  ANTIBIOTICS AND PHARMACOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS
  Microbial substances active against infectious disease agents or affecting human cells
  beta-Lactams
  Lipopeptides
  Macrolides
  Tetracyclines
  Aminoglycosides
  Claviceps alkaloids
  Perspectives
  PHARMACEUTICAL PROTEINS
  History, main areas of application and economic importance
  Industrial expression systems, cultivation and protein isolation and legal framework
  Insulins
  Somatropin
  Interferons ? Application and manufacturing
  Human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
  Vaccines
  Antibody fragments
  Enzymes
  Peptides
  View - Future economic importance
  ENZYMES
  Fields of application and economic impacts
  Enzyme discovery and improvement
  Production process for bacterial or fungal enzymes
  Polysaccharide-hydrolyzing enzymes
  Enzymes used as cleaning agents
  Feed supplements - phytases
  Enzymes for chemical and pharmaceutical industry
  Enzymes as highly selective tools for research and diagnostics
  Perspectives
  MICROBIAL POLYSACCHARIDES
  Introduction
  Heteropolysaccharides
  Homopolysaccharides
  Perspectives
  STEROIDS
  Fields of applications and economic importance
  Advantages of biotransformations during production of steroids
  Development of production strains and production processes
  Applied types of biotransformation
  Synthesis of steroids in organic-aqueous biphasic systems
  Side chain degradation at phytosterols by Mycobacterium to gain steroid intermediates
  Biotransformation of cholesterol to gain key steroid intermediates
  11-Hydroxylation by fungi during synthesis of corticosteroids
  delta1-dehydrogenation by Arthrobacter for the production of prednisolone
  17-keto reduction by Saccharomyces in testosterone production
  Double bond isomerization of steroids
  Perspectives
  BIOLEACHING
  Mineral-oxidizing acidophilic bacteria dissolve metals from sulfide ores
  Bioleaching of copper, nickel, zinc and cobalt
  Gold
  Uranium
  Perspectives
  WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESSES
  Introduction
  Biological treatments for carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus removal
  Wastewater treatment processes
  Advanced wastewater treatment
  Future perspectives