Male and Female Circumcision

Every year around the world 13.3 million boys and 2 million girls have part or all of their external sex organs cut off. Doctors, parents, and politicians have been misled into thinking that these mutilations are beneficial, necessary and harmless. International respected experts in the fields of medicine, science, politics, law, ethics, sociology, anthropology, history and religion present the latest research, documentation and analysis of this world-wide problem, focusing on the ethical, political and legal aspects of sexual mutilation; the cost and burden to healthcare systems; the latest medical research; anatomical and function consequences; religious and cultural aspects; psychological aspects; and the world-wide campaign to end sexual mutilation.

Zusammenfassung
`...altogether they present an excellent overview of the current debate on circumcision, especially for those who are not so familiar with the complexity of the scientific, legal, ethical and political aspects of circumcision.'
Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy, 4:1 (2001)

Inhalt
Keynote Address.- Evolutionary Cultural Ethics and the Circumcision of Children.- The Anatomy, Physiology, and Histology of the Human Prepuce.- The Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Prepuce.- Anatomy and Histology of the Penile and Clitoral Prepuce in Primates.- The Significance and Function of Preputial Langerhans Cells.- Current Research on Circumcision and Phimosis.- The History of Phimosis from Antiquity to the Present.- Diagnosis and Treatment of Phimosis.- Anaesthesia for Circumcision.- Neonatal Circumcision and HIV Infection.- Genital Mutilation: Religious and Cultural Considerations.- Muslims' Genitalia in the Hands of the Clergy.- Evangelical Christianity in America and its Relationship to Infant Male Circumcision.- A Jewish Perspective on Circumcision.- Circumcision.- Unifying Language.- Psychological Aspects of Genital Mutilation.- Motivations for Modifications of the Human Body.- Psychoanalysis of Circumcision.- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder After Genital Medical Procedures.- Tyranny of the Victims.- Epidemiological, Medical, Legal, and Psychological Aspects of Mutilation/at-Risk Girls in Italy.- Circumcision in America in 1998.- Facing Circumcision.- Neonatal Circumcision from a Peimal Health Research Perspective.- Celebrating Phallos.- Foreskin Restoration: Historical and Contemporary Considerations.- The History of Foreskin Restoration.- Current Practices in Foreskin Restoration.- Foreskin Restoration (Circumcision Reversal).- The Man Behind Restoration.- The World-Wide Campaign.to End Genital Mutilation.- A Comprehensive Approach for Communication about Female Genital Mutilation in Egypt.- The History of Circumcision in the United States.- Genital Mutilation in Ireland.- Challenges to Circumcision in Israel.- Activism on the World Wide Web.- CurrentProblems in Medical Publication.- Peer-Review Bias Regarding Circumcision in American Medical Publishing.- An Analysis of Bias Regarding Circumcision in American Medical Literature.- Publication on Circumcision in the Medical Literature.- Legal and Ethical Considerations of Genital Mutilation.- Circumcision and Virtue Ethics.- Respect in the Context of Infant Male Circumcision.- Male Non-Therapeutic Circumcision.- Attaining International Acknowledgment of Male Genital Mutilation as a Human Rights Violation.- Some Thoughts on Legal Remedies.- The Doctor as Expert Witness in United States Courts.- The Oxford Declaration.