Metallic Alloys: Experimental and Theoretical Perspectives

The development of new materials is recognized as one of the major elements in the overall technological evolution that must go on in order to sustain and even improve the quality of life for citizens of all nations. There are many components to this development, but one is to achieve a better understanding of the properties of materials using the most sophisticated scientific tools that are available. As condensed matter physicists and materials scientists work toward this goal, they find that it is useful to divide their efforts and focus on specific areas, because certain analytical and theoretical techniques will be more useful for the study of one class of materials than another. One such area is the study of metals and metallic alloys, which are used in the manufacture of products as diverse as automobiles and space stations. Progress in this area has been very rapid in recent years, and the new developments come from many different countries. For these reasons the Advanced Research Workshop Programme in the NATO Scientific Affairs Division has seen fit to sponsor several meetings to bring together the researchers and students working in this field from the NATO countries and elsewhere. There have been a series of NATO-ASI's that have dealt with the results of research on the electronic structure of materials and the properties of metals, alloys, and interfaces. They are: "Electrons in finite and infinite structures" P. Phariseau and L.

Klappentext

The book contains studies of the electronic structure of alloys using photoelectron spectroscopy, including an investigation of invar alloys. Auger studies are reported that cast some light on the interpretation of the photoemission data from copper--palladium alloys. Photoemission data from films were used to explain the differences in the strength of the bonds that they make with transition metal substrates. A new way to study the short-range order in alloys by measuring diffuse scattering of X-rays that are generated in a synchrotron is described. br/ There are articles on the use of first-principles methods to calculate the electronic states in alloys, and from this information to predict short-range order, long-range order, and phase boundaries with no input other than the atomic numbers of the constituents of the alloy. Approximate theories, such as tight-binding and inverse Monte Carlo, are shown to give useful insights. br/ (ABSTRACT) br/ This book contains the papers presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on MetallicAlloys: Experimental and Theoretical Perspectives held in Deerfield Beach, Florida, U.S.A., on July 16--21, 1993. Attention is focused on experimental studies of electronic states, atomic arrangements, structures, and other spects of alloys using photoemission, ACAR, X-rays, and other techniques. Theoretical interpretations of these experiments and other properties of metals and alloys are also discussed. Phase transitions in alloys are highlighted. br/

Inhalt
1 Photoemission spectroscopy of alloys.- Spin-Resolved Photoemission from Fe-Ni- and Invar Alloys.- An IPES Confirmation of CPA Predictions for Ni-Fe Alloys.- Quasi-One-Dimensional Behaviour Observed in Pb and Ti Atomic Chains Adsorbed on Cu(100) and Ag(100) Surfaces.- Contributions to the CuPd Controversy; Band Filling and an Empirical Determination of Charge Transfer.- The Metallic Bond for Monolayer Transition Metal Layers on Transition Metal Surfaces.- UV and X-Ray Photoemission from Metals and Alloys.- Relativistic Effects in Photoemission from Alloys.- 2 Experimental studies of alloys.- Fermi Surface Studies with Positrons.- Experimental Measurement of Local Displacement and Chemical Pair Correlations in Crystalline Solid Solutions.- Small-Angle Scattering from Phase-Separated Metallic Alloys: From Experiment to Phase Diagrams.- Formation and Stability of A8B Phases in Ni, Pd and Pt-Base Alloys.- The Standard Enthalpies of Formation of Some 3d Transition Metal Aluminides by High-Temperature Direct Synthesis Calorimetry.- Core Level Spectroscopy Investigation of the Mo0.75Re0.25 (100) Surface.- Melt-Textured Processing and Alloying in YBCO.- Melting of Elemental and Compound Semiconductors: A Semiconductor-Metal Transition?.- 3 Theory of alloys and phase transitions.- Statistical Thermodynamics of Alloys.- Including Charge Correlations in the Calculation of the Total Energy and Electronic Structure of Random Alloys.- The Origins of Ordering in Cu-Pt.- Calculating Phase Boundaries in Metallic Alloys.- Phase Stability from Electronic Structure of Ordered and Disordered Alloys.- Transferable Tight-Binding Parameters: An Application to Ni and Ni-Al100states.- Alloy Calculations on Massively Parallel Computers.- Multiple-Scattering Green-Function Calculations for Ideal and Perturbed Crystals.- Ab Initio Calculations of Residual Resistivities for Ferromagnetic Dilute Alloys. An Application to Giant Magnetoresistance.- Real-Space Calculations of Nonspherically Averaged Charge Densities for Substitutionally Disordered Alloys.- A Full Potential Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green'S Function (fKKR-Gf) Method: A Total Energy Calculation of Niobium.- Towards Calculations of the Total Energy of Large Systems.- List Of Participants.