Modern Solvents in Organic Synthesis

In recent years the choice of a given solvent for performing a reaction has become increasingly important. More and more, selective reagents are used for chemical transformations and the choice of the solvent may be determining for reaching high reaction rates and high selectivities. The toxicity and recycling considerations have also greatly influenced the nature of the solvents used for industrial reactions. Thus, the development of reactions in water is not only important on the laboratory scale but also for industrial applications. The p- formance of metal-catalyzed reactions in water for example has led to several new hydrogenation or hydroformylation procedures with important industrial applications. The various aspects of organic chemistry in water will be prese- ed in this book. Recently, novel reaction media such as perfluorinated solvents or supercritical carbon dioxide has proven to have unique advantages leading to more practical and more efficient reactions. Especially with perfluorinated solvents, new biphasic catalyses and novel approaches to perform organic reactions have been developed. These aspects will be examined in detail in this volume. Finally, the performance of reactions in the absence of solvents will show practical alternatives for many reactions. More than ever before, the choice of the solvent or the solvent system is ess- tial for realizing many chemical transformations with the highest efficiency. This book tries to cover the more recent and important new solvents or solvent systems for both academic and industrial applications.

This series presents critical reviews of the present position and future trends in modern chemical research Short and concise reports on chemistry, each written by world-renowned experts Still valid and useful after 5 or 10 years

Autorentext
Paul Knochel was born in 1955 in Strasbourg (France). He did his undergraduate studies at the University of Strasbourg (France) and his Ph.D at the ETH-Zürich with Prof. D. Seebach. He spent 4 years at the CNRS at the University Pierre and Marie Curie at Paris with Prof. J.-F. Normant and one year of post-doctoral studies at Princeton University in the laboratory of Prof. M. F. Semmelhack. In 1987, he accepted a position as Assistant Professor at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, Michigan. In 1991, he became Full Professor at this University and in 1992, he moved to Philipps-University at Marburg (Germany) as C4-Professor in Organic Chemistry. In 1999, he moved to the Chemistry Department of Ludwig-Maximilians-University in Munich (Germany). His research interests include the development of novel organometallic reagents and methods for use in organic synthesis, asymmetric catalysis and natural product synthesis.

Klappentext

This volume covers the use of modern solvent systems for the performance of more efficient, selective and economical organic transformations. During the last 20 years, water has emerged as a new useful reaction media for the performance of organic or metal catalyzed reactions. More recently, other reaction media such as perfluorinated solvents or supercritical CO2 have proven their utility for many organic syntheses as well as in combinatorial chemistry. The most representative industrial applications of some of these modern solvent systems are described, and the synthetic possibilites of performing organic reactions in the absence of solvents examined.

Inhalt
Water as Solvent in Organic Synthesis.- Metal Catalysis in Water.- Perfluorinated Solvents a Novel Reaction Medium in Organic Chemistry.- Benzotrifluoride and Derivatives: Useful Solvents for Organic Synthesis and Fluorous Synthesis.- Reactions in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (scCO2).- Modern Solvent Systems in Industrial Homogeneous Catalysis.- Solvent-free Reactions.