Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry

Now in its third edition, this classic textbook includes basic concepts and applications in agriculture, forestry, environmental science, and a new section entirely devoted to ecology. This revised and updated edition guides students through biochemical and microbial processes in soils and introduces them to microbial processes in water and sediments. Soil Microbiology, Ecology, and Biochemistry serves as an invaluable resource for students in biogeochemistry, soil microbiology, soil ecology, sustainable agriculture, and environmental amelioration.

NEW TO THIS EDITION:

• New section on Ecology integrated with biochemistry and microbiology
• Sections on exciting new methodology such as tracers, molecular analysis and computers that will allow great advances in this field
• Six new chapters: bioremediation, soil molecular biology, biodiversity, global climate change, basic physiology and ecological interpretations
• Expanded with contributions from leading soil microbiologists and agronomists on both fundamental and applied aspects of the science
• Full-color figures

• Includes a website with figures for classroom presentation use

  Autorentext
  Eldor A. Paul is a Senior Research Scientist at the Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University, Fort Collins and Professor Emeritus at Michigan State University, East Lansing. During his time at Michigan State, he was professor of Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry, and Crop and Soil Sciences. He earned degrees from the University of Alberta and the University of Minnesota. His research focuses on the dynamics of soil organic matter and the microbial ecology of soil. Dr. Paul is a Fellow of ASA, SSSA, the Canadian Society of Soil Science, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

  Zusammenfassung
  "This is a comprehensive text for the study of soil ecology. It covers the subject in sufficient depth for an advanced undergraduate or post graduate course in soil microbiology and biochemistry...the reader soon begins to relate the discussions to plant health and fruit development. The topics are covered to a depth that addresses a wide range of readers, from those who wish an overview of the subject to those who need to know the fundamental microbiology or biochemistry. The 18 chapters are divded into five broad subject areas, starting with background and continuing through the soil biota, interactions, biochemistry, and concluding with the impact of human processes. There is little current appreciation of the impact of cultivation on soil ecosystems, thus we employ few strategies to manage these systems to our advantage. A book like this is food for though." --Gary Strachan, in FRUIT GROWER

  Inhalt
  THE PROKARYOTES Ken Killham and Jim I Prosser School of Biological Sciences University of Aberdeen AB24 3UU Scotland UK FUNGI AND EUKARYOTIC ALGAE R. Greg Thorn and Michael D. J. Lynch Department of Biology University of Waterloo Introduction Classification, Characteristics, and Ecological Roles in Soil Fungus-like Protists Fungi (Chytridiomycota, Glomeromycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) Eukaryotic Algae References and Suggested Reading FAUNA: THE ENGINE FOR MICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND TRANSPORT David C. Coleman1 and Diana H. Wall2 1University of Georgia, 2Colorado State University I. INTRODUCTION II. THE MICROFAUNA A. Methods for Extracting and Counting Protozoa B. Impacts of Protozoa on Ecosystem Function C. Distribution of Protozoa in Soil Profiles III. ROTIFERA IV. NEMATODA A. Nematode Feeding Habits B. Zones of Nematode Activity in Soil C. Nematode Extraction Techniques V. MICROARTHROPODS VI. ENCHYTRAEIDS VII. MACROFAUNA A. Macroarthropods 1. Importance of the macroarthropods B. Oligochaeta -- Earthworms 1. Earthworm distribution and abundance 2. Biology and ecology 3. Influence on soil processes 4. Earthworm effects on ecosystems C. Ants D. Termites VIII. SUMMARY IX. REFERENCES THE ECOLOGY OF SOIL ORGANISMS Sherri J. Morris1 and Christopher Blackwood2 1Bradley University 2Kent State University I. INTRODUCTION II. MECHANISMS THAT DRIVE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE A. Physiological Limits B. Intraspecific Competition C. Dispersal in Space and Time D. Predicting Population Growth E. Interspecific Competition F. Direct Effects of Exploitation G. Indirect Effects of Exploitation H. Mutualisms I. Abiotic Factors J. Changes in Community Structure through Time and Space K. Historical and Geographic Contingency L. Hierarchical Community Assembly Rules III. ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS A. Energy Flow B. Carbon, Nutrient and Water Cycles C. Emergent Properties IV. CONCLUSION VI. REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READINGS THE PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY OF SOIL ORGANISMS W. B. McGill University of Northern BC I. INTRODUCTION II. METABOLIC CLASSIFICATIONS OF SOIL ORGANISMS A. Electrons and ATP B. Substrate-Level Phosphorylation C. Electron Transport Phosphorylation D. Overview of mechanisms to generate ATP and reducing equivalents III. EXAMPLES OF SOIL MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATIONS A. Nitrogen Fixation B. Aerobic chemo-lithotrophic examples 1. Oxidation of H2S with reduction of CO2 2. Oxidation of N with reduction of CO2 C. Oxidation of Reduced C IV. HOW CAN THE MICROBIAL CONTRIBUTIONS BE VIEWED IN A SIMPLIFIED AND UNIFIED CONCEPT? A. A model of interconnected cycles of electrons B. The Anoxygenic Cycle C. The Oxygenic Cycle V. REFERENCES THE ECOLOGY OF PLANT-MICROBIAL MUTUALISMS Jeff Powell and John Klironomos Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Canada I. INTRODUCTION II. ROOTS AS AN INTERFACE FOR PLANT-MICROBIAL MUTUALISMS III. MYCORRHIZAL SYMBIOSES IV. SYMBIOSES INVOLVING N-FIXING ORGANISMS V. INTERACTIONS AMONG MUTUALISTS VI. INTERACTIONS WITH PATHOGENS VII. IMPLICATIONS FOR PLANT POPULATIONS AND COMMUNITIES VIII. CHALLENGES IN THE STUDY OF INTERACTIONS IX. CONCLUSIONS X. REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL ORGANISMS Serita D. Frey Department of Natural Resources University of New Hampshire I. INTRODUCTION II. GEOGRAPHICAL DIFFERENCES IN SOIL BIOTA III. ASSOCIATION OF SOIL ORGANISMS WITH PLANTS IV. SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY OF SOIL ORGANISMS V. VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION WITHIN THE SOIL PROFILE VI. MICROSCALE HETEROGENEITY IN MICROBIAL POPULATIONS VII. REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING CARBON CYCLING AND FORMATION OF SOIL ORGANIC MATTER William Horwath, UC Davis I. INTRODUCTION II. LONG-TERM CARBON CYCLE III. THE SHORT-TERM C CYCLE IV. ECOSYSTEM C CYCLING V. COMPOSITION AND TURNOVER OF C INPUTS TO SOIL A. Plant and Microbial Components and Their Decomposition 1. Plant and Microbial Lipids 2. Starch 3. Hemicelluloses, Pectins and Cellulose 4. Lignin 5. Other Plant Cell Wall Carbohydrates and Proteins 6. Plant Secondary compounds 7. Roots and Root Exudates 8. Cell Walls of Microorganisms VI. SOIL ORGANIC MAT