Supercritical Fluid Methods and Protocols

Over the last 15 years, there has been renewed interest in supercritical fluids owing to their unique properties and relatively low environmental impact. Greatest attention has been given to the extraction and separation of organic compounds. Supercritical fluids have also been successfully used for particle production, as reaction media, and for the destruction of toxic waste. Supercritical carbon dioxide has been the most widely used supercritical fluid, mainly because it is cheap, relatively nontoxic, and has convenient critical values. Supercritical fluids have also been used on analytical and preparative scales for many biological and other applications. Many papers have been published on the use of supercritical fluids. However, few have acted as a detailed instruction manual for those wanting to use the techniques for the first time. We anticipate that this Methods in Biotechnology volume, Supercritical Fluid Methods and Protocols will s- isfy the need for such a book. Every chapter has been written by experienced workers and should, if closely followed, enable workers with some or no previous experience of supercritical fluids to conduct experiments successfully at the first attempt.

Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras

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Experienced practitioners present detailed accounts of a wide variety of techniques using supercritical fluids. These range from the supercritical fluid extraction methods for numerous compounds to the ninhydrin staining of fingerprints on checks and banknotes-and from the detection of impurities in pharmaceuticals to a wide variety of applications throughout environmental and food science, and across analytical, clinical, and medicinal chemistry. Detailed step-by-step instructions enable users to apply these essential techniques successfully the first time and include modifications that permit their effective adaptation to novel experimental or process conditions. Versatile and comprehensive, Supercritical Fluid Methods and Protocols offers both novice and experienced investigators and laboratory analysts powerful tools that enable successful biological and bioprocess analyses and optimization today.

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to Supercritical Fluids and Their Applications.- Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Caffeine from Instant Coffee.- Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Nitrosamines from Cured Meats.- Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Melengestrol Acetate from Bovine Fat Tissue.- Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Polychlorinated Biphenyls from Fish Tissue.- Isolation of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Fish Products by Supercritical Fluid Extraction.- Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Mycotoxins from Feeds.- Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Pigments from Seeds of Eschscholtzia californica Cham.- Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Flumetralin from Tobacco Samples.- Supercritical Fluid Extraction and High Performance Liquid Chromatography Determination of Carbendazim in Bee Larvae.- Supercritical Fluid Extraction Coupled with Enzyme Immunoassay Analysis of Soil Herbicides.- The Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Drugs of Abuse from Human Hair.- Application of Direct Aqueous Supercritical Fluid Extraction for the Dynamic Recovery of Testosterone Liberated from the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Testosterone-?-D-Glucuronide.- Analysis of Anabolic Drugs by Direct Aqueous Supercritical Fluid Extraction Coupled On-Line with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.- Detection of Beta-Blockers in Urine and Serum by Solid-Phase Extraction-Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.- On-Line SFE-SFC for the Analysis of Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Other Lipids from Water Matrices.- Determination of Artemisinin in Artemisia annua L. by Off-Line Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Coupled to an Evaporative Light-Scattering Detector.- Analysis of Cannabis by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection.- Direct Chiral Resolution ofOptical Isomers of Diltiazem Hydrochloride by Packed Column Supercritical Fluid Chromatography.- Determination of Salbutamol Sulfate and Its Impurities in Pharmaceuticals by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography.- Packed Column Supercritical Fluid Chromatographic Determination of Acetaminophen, Propyphenazone, and Caffeine in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms.- Analysis of Shark Liver Oil by Thin-Layer and Supercritical Fluid Chromatography.- Enzymatically Catalyzed Transesterifications in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide.- Transesterification Reactions Catalyzed by Subtilisin Carlsberg Suspended in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and in Supercritical Ethane.- Enzymatic Synthesis of Peptide in Water-Miscible Organic Solvent/Supercritical Carbon Dioxide.- Micronization of a Polysaccharide by a Supercritical Antisolvent Technique.- Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions Technology.- Supercritical Fluid Aerosolized Vitamin E Supplementation.- Extraction of Biologically Active Substances from Wood.- The Deposition of a Biocide in Wood-Based Material.- Critical Point Drying of Biological Specimens for Scanning Electron Microscopy.- Staining of Fingerprints on Checks and Banknotes Using Ninhydrin.