Biotechnology of Microbial Enzymes

Biotechnology of Microbial Enzymes: Production, Biocatalysis, and Industrial Applications, Second Edition provides a complete survey of the latest innovations on microbial enzymes, highlighting biotechnological advances in their production and purification along with information on successful applications as biocatalysts in several chemical and industrial processes under mild and green conditions.

The application of recombinant DNA technology within industrial fermentation and the production of enzymes over the last three decades have produced a host of useful chemical and biochemical substances. The power of these technologies results in novel transformations, better enzymes, a wide variety of applications, and the unprecedented development of biocatalysts through the ongoing integration of molecular biology methodology, all of which is covered insightfully and in-depth within the book.

This fully revised, second edition is updated to address the latest research developments and applications in the field, from microbial enzymes recently applied in drug discovery to penicillin biosynthetic enzymes and penicillin acylase, xylose reductase, and microbial enzymes used in antitubercular drug design. Across the chapters, the use of microbial enzymes in sustainable development and production processes is fully considered, with recent successes and ongoing challenges highlighted.

Autorentext

Goutam Brahmachari is a Professor of Chemistry at Visva-Bharati University, India, with over 25 years of teaching and research experience. He specializes in synthetic organic chemistry, green chemistry, natural products chemistry, and medicinal chemistry of natural and synthetic molecules. Prof. Brahmachari has authored or edited 27 books with leading international publishers and serves as co-editor-in-chief of Current Green Chemistry, as well as being the founding series editor of Elsevier's Natural Product Drug Discovery series. An elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, he has received prestigious awards such as the CRSI Bronze Medal (2021) and the INSA Teachers Award (2019).

Inhalt

1. Biotechnology of microbial enzymes: production, biocatalysis, and industrial applications-an overview
   Goutam Brahmachari

   1.1 Introduction
   1.2 An overview of the book
   2.1 Chapter 2
   2.2 Chapter 3
   2.3 Chapter 4
   2.4 Chapter 5
   2.5 Chapter 6
   2.6 Chapter 7
   2.7 Chapter 8
   2.8 Chapter 9
   2.9 Chapter 10
   2.10 Chapter 11
   2.11 Chapter 12
   2.12 Chapter 13
   2.13 Chapter 14
   2.14 Chapter 15
   2.15 Chapter 16
   2.16 Chapter 17
   2.17 Chapter 18
   2.18 Chapter 19
   2.19 Chapter 20
   2.20 Chapter 21
   2.21 Chapter 22
   2.22 Chapter 23
   2.23 Chapter 24
   2.24 Chapter 25
   2.25 Chapter 26
   1.3 Concluding remarks

   2. Useful microbial enzymes-an introduction
      Beatriz Ruiz-Villaf, Romina Rodrguez-Sanoja and Sergio Schez

   */i>2.1 The enzymes: a class of useful biomolecules
   2 Microbial enzymes for industry
   3 Improvement of enzymes
   4 Discovery of new enzymes
   5 Concluding remarks
   cknowledgments
   bbreviations
   eferences

   3. Production, purification, and application of microbial enzymes
      Anil Kumar Patel, Cheng-Di Dong, Chiu-Wen Chen, Ashok Pandey and Reeta Rani Singhania

   /i>3.1 Introduction
   2 Production of microbial enzymes
   3.2.1 Enzyme production in industries
   3.2.2 Industrial enzyme production technology
   3 Strain improvements
   3.3.1 Mutation
   3.3.2 Recombinant DNA technology
   3.3.3 Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 technology
   3.3.4 Protein engineering
   4 Downstream processing/enzyme purification
   5 Product formulations
   6 Global enzyme market scenarios
   7 Industrial applications of enzymes
   *3.7.1 Food industry
   3.7.2 Textile industry
   3.7.3 Detergent industry
   3.7.4 Pulp and paper industry
   3.7.5 Animal feed industry
   3.7.6 Leather industry
   3.7.7 Biofuel from biomass
   3.7.8 Enzyme applications in the chemistry and pharma sectors
   8 Concluding remarks
   bbreviations
   eferences

   4. Solid-state fermentation for the production of microbial cellulases
      Sudhanshu S. Behera, Ankush Kerketta and Ramesh C. Ray

   1 Introduction
   2 Solid-state fermentation
   4.2.1 Comparative aspects of solid-state and submerged fermentations
   4.2.2 Cellulase-producing microorganisms in solid-state fermentation
   4.2.3 Extraction of microbial cellulase in solid-state fermentation
   4.2.4 Measurement of cellulase activity in solid-state fermentation
   3 Lignocellulosic residues/wastes as solid substrates in solid-state fermentation
   4 Pretreatment of agricultural residues
   4.4.1 Physical pretreatments
   4.4.2 Physiochemical pretreatment
   4.4.3 Chemical pretreatments
   4.4.4 Biological pretreatment
   5 Environmental factors affecting microbial cellulase production in solid-state fermentation
   4.5.1 Water activity/moisture content
   4.5.2 Temperature
   4.5.3 Mass transfer processes: aeration and nutrient diffusion
   4.5.4 Substrate particle size
   4.5.5 Other factors
   6 Strategies to improve production of microbial cellulase
   4.6.1 Metabolic engineering and strain improvement
   4.6.2 Recombinant strategy (heterologous cellulase expression)
   4.6.3 Mixed-culture (coculture) systems
   7 Fermenter (bioreactor) design for cellulase production in solid-state fermentation
   4.7.1 Tray bioreactor
   4.7.2 Packed bed reactor
   4.7.3 Rotary drum bioreactor
   4.7.4 Fluidized bed reactor
   8 Biomass conversions and application of microbial cellulase
   4.8.1 Textile industry
   4.8.2 Laundry and detergent
   4.8.3 Paper and pulp industry
   4.8.4 Bioethanol and biofuel production
   4.8.5 Food industry
   4.8.6 Agriculture
   9 Concluding remarks
   bbreviations
   eferences

   5. Hyperthermophilic subtilisin-like proteases from Thermococcus kodakarensis
      Ryo Uehara, Hiroshi Amesaka, Yuichi Koga, Kazufumi Takano, Shigenori Kanaya and Shun-ichi Tanaka

   */i>5.1 Introduction
   2 Two Subtilisin-like proteases from Thermococcus Kodakarensis KOD1
   3 TK-subtilisin
   5.3.1 Ca21-dependent maturation of Tk-subtilisin
   5.3.2 Crystal structures of Tk-subtilisin
   5.3.3 Requirement of Ca21-binding loop for folding
   5.3.4 Ca21 ion requirements for hyperstability
   5.3.5 Role of Tkpro
   5.3.6 Role of the insertion sequences
   5.3.7 Cold-adapted maturation through Tkpro engineering
   5.3.8 Degradation of PrPSc by Tk-subtilisin
   5.3.9 Tk-subtilisin pulse proteolysis experiments
   4 Tk-SP
   5.4.1 Maturation of Pro-Tk-SP
   5.4.2 Crystal structure of Pro-S359A
   5.4.3 Role of proN
   5.4.4 Role of the C-domain
   5.4.5 PrPSc degradation by Tk-SP
   5 Concluding remarks
   cknowledgments
   bbreviations
   eferences

   6. Enzymes from basidiomycetes-peculiar and efficient tools for biotechnology
      Ths Marques Uber, Emanueli Backes, Vincius Mateus Salvatore Saute, Bruna Polacchine da Silva, Rubia Carvalho Gomes Corre a, Camila Gabriel Kato, Flio Augusto Vicente Seixas, Adelar Bracht and Rosane Marina Peralta

   1 Introduction
   2 Brown- and white-rot fungi
   3 Isolation and laboratory maintenance of wood-rot basidiomycetes
   4 Basidiomycetes as producers of enzymes involved in the degradation of lignocellulose biomass
   6.4.1 Enzymes involved in the degradation of cellulose and hemicelluloses
   6.4.2 Enzymes involved in lignin degradation
   5 Production of ligninolytic enzymes by basidiomycetes: screening and production in laboratory scale
   6 General characteristics of the main ligninolytic enzymes with potential biotechnological applications
   6.6.1 Laccases
   6.6.2 Peroxidases
   7 Industrial and biotechnological applications of ligninolytic enzymes from basidiomycetes
   6.7.1 Application of ligninolytic enzymes in delignification of vegetal biomass and biological detoxification for biofuel production
   6.7.2 Application of ligninolytic enzymes in the degradation of xenobiotic compounds
   6.7.3 Application of…