Equilibrium Between Phases of Matter

This work is organized in three levels, so that the portion and importance of thermodynamics and mathematics increase from level to level. Priority is given throughout to the thermodynamic assessment of experimental data. 200 exercises are included with solutions.

This book is organized in three levels, such that from level to level the portion and importance of thermodynamics and mathematics are increased. On the first level, the book demonstrates that the basic principles of phase equilibria can be understood without the use of thermodynamics. The intermediate level provides an introduction to thermodynamics and culminates in the Gibbs energy as the arbiter for equilibrium. The third level places emphasis on binary systems, where one or more phases are solutions of the components. It derives explicit relationships between the variables for equilibria involving ideal mixtures and ideal dilute solutions, while non-ideal systems are treated from three different angles: geometrically, analytically, and numerically. Throughout, high priority is given to the thermodynamic assessment of experimental data and numerous end-of-chapter exercises and their solutions are included.

Contains over 200 exercises Suitable for self study Structured with increasing theoretical insight levels Plain style, compact writing, and transparent presentation Balanced coupling of experiment and theory Very user-friendly Refreshing treatment of the matter Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras

Klappentext

About the book, the project Equilibrium Between Phases of Matter Phenomenology and Thermodynamics is a textbook, in which the phenomenology, the thermodynamic theory, and the practical use of phase diagrams are presented in three levels that diverge in nature in particular as regards the role of thermodynamics. The book has been written from a chemical and geological teaching background. Each of the three levels of the book is representative of a particular course in a curriculum. Level 0: an introduction to phase diagrams The philosophy behind the ground level is that most of the characteristics of equilibrium between phases can be understood without the use of thermodynamics, realizing that, in a common-sense manner, the experimental observations on equilibria and spontaneous changes, and elementary notions about interactions, indicate the way to go. In spite of all this, the central figure in level zero, right from the beginning, is the chemical potential a concept firmly rooted in thermodynamics. Equilibrium conditions in terms of chemical potentials, and the variables necessary to define a system in equilibrium are, are the basic elements of the system formulation.

Inhalt

From the contents

level 0: Equilibrium.- The variables.- The rules.- Pure substances.- Binary and Ternary Systems.- Partition and Separation.- Chemical Equilibrium.- level 1: Differential expressions.- Work, heat, energy.- Heat capacity and enthalpy.- Ideal gas, expansion and compression.- Chemical energy.- Entropy.- Characteristic functions.- Gibbs energy and equilibrium.- Tables.- Pure Substances.- Chemical reactions.- level 2: Mixtures and partial quantities.- The open system, chemical potentials.- Change to molar quantities.- The ideal mixture.- Non-ideal behaviour.- Magic formulae.- Dilute solutions.- The solvent laws.- The solute laws.- Ideal equilibria.- Non-ideal systems - geometrically.- Non-Ideal Systems - Analytically.- Non-Ideal Systems - Numerically.