Fast Reactions in Energetic Materials

Modern energetic materials include explosives, blasting powders, pyrotechnic m- tures and rocket propellants [1, 2]. The study of high-temperature decomposition of condensed phases of propellants and their components (liquid, solid and hybrid) is currently of special importance for the development of space-system engineering [3, 4]. To better understand the burning mechanisms (stationary, nonstationary, - steady) of composite solid propellants and their components, information about the macrokinetics of their high-temperature decomposition is required [5]. To be able to evaluate the ignition parameters and conditions of safe handling of heat-affected explosives, one needs to know the kinetic constants of their high-temperature - composition. The development of new composite solid propellants characterized by high performance characteristics (high burning rates, high thermal stability, stability to intrachamber perturbations, and other aspects) is not possible without quanti- tive data on the high-temperature decomposition of composite solid propellants and their components [6]. The same reasons have resulted in signi?cant theoretical and practical interest in the high-temperature decomposition of components of hybrid propellants. It is known that hybrid propellants have not been used very widely due to the low bu- ing (pyrolysis) rates of the polymer blocks in the combustion chambers of hybrid rocket engines. To increase the burning rates it is necessary to obtain information about their relationships to the corresponding kinetic and thermophysical prop- ties of the fuels.

The major part of the experimental results presented in the book has not been published before For the first time these studies are available in English Combining theoretical and experimental parts including a description of novel methodologies and instruments

Klappentext
Under the title Energetic Materials, the author considers nearly all important homogeneous and heterogeneous systems such as solid and liquid explosives, pyrotechnic substances, mixtures used in combustion synthesis and all components of present rocket fuels. Since the combustion and explosion of these materials are greatly influenced by the kinetics of their chemical reactions, a quantitative study of those kinetics is of great interest for both theoretical and practical applications. Kinetic studies of the thermal decomposition of energetic materials have been very successful so far for both high and low temperatures, but only for gaseous systems. For condensed materials these studies were limited to low temperatures, mainly because of the lack of specialized techniques and instrumentation. In this book the author describes several new experimental techniques and also shows the results of his extensive research, which he carried out on the kinetics of fast high-temperature decomposition and thermal explosion of both research and commercial energetic materials. TOC:Theory of linear pyrolysis of condensed materials. Methods for the experimental study of linear pyrolysis of condensed material. Study of high-temperature decomposition of the components of a model solid propellant - (ammonium perchlorate and polymethylmethacrylate) by using method based on linear pyrolysis. Study of total heat absorbed at high-temperature linear pyrolysis of polymer materials a applied to compustion in the hybrid rocket engine. Study of kinetics of the initial stages of high-temperature decomposition of homogeneous gunpowders and solid rocket propellants by the method of ignition at the contact with a heat-conducting body. Development of methods for "mechanical" and "thermal" dilution in differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetry (TGA) of the processes of high-temperature decomposition of condensed materials. Experimental setups for the kinetic studies under linear heating of a furnace. Study of kinetics of high-temperature decomposition of homogeneous materials by enhanced DTA and TGA. High-temperature decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. Kinetics of deep high-temperature decomposition of model and commercial ammonium perchlorate-based solid rocket propellants. Macrokinetics of decomposition and thermal explosion of volatile explosives (theory). High-temperature decomposition and thermal explosion of liquid rocket propellant components - hydrogen peroxide and hydrazine.

Inhalt
Study of Macrokinetics of High-Temperature Decomposition of Condensed Materials Under Spatially Nonisothermal Heating.- Theory of the Linear Pyrolysis of Condensed Materials.- Methods for the Experimental Study of the Linear Pyrolysis of Condensed Materials.- Study of the High-Temperature Decomposition of AP and PMMA by the Linear Pyrolysis Method.- Study of the Total Heat of the High-Temperature Linear Pyrolysis of Polymeric Materials as Applied to Burning in Hybrid Rocket Engines.- Study of the Initial-Stage Kinetics for High-Temperature Decomposition of Homogeneous Blasting Powders and Composite Solid Propellants by the Method of Ignition Using a Heat-Conducting Block.- Study of the Macrokinetics of High-Temperature Decomposition of Condensed Materials Under Spatially Isothermal Heating.- Mechanical and Thermal Dilution Methods Used in the Thermographic and Thermogravimetric Analysis of High-Temperature Decomposition of Condensed Materials.- Equipment for Studying Kinetics During~Linear~Heating.- Application of Modified DTA and TGA to Studies of High-Temperature Decomposition Kinetics of Homogeneous Compounds.- Kinetic of Deep High-Temperature Decomposition of Model and Commercial AP-Based Composite Solid Propellants.- Theory of Decomposition Macrokinetics and~Thermal Explosion of Volatile Explosives.- High-Temperature Decomposition and Thermal Explosion of Liquid Propellant Components: Hydrogen Peroxide and Hydrazine.