Georgian

Georgian: A Comprehensive Grammar ****constitutes a complete reference work addressing all major elements of Modern Georgian grammar and usage.

Georgian: A Comprehensive Grammar constitutes a complete reference work addressing all major elements of modern Georgian grammar and usage.

It provides a systematic and accessible description of the language's phonology, orthography, morphology, and syntax. The focus is on contemporary spoken and written usage, with attention devoted throughout to differences in register and genre. Points are illustrated with examples drawn from a range of authentic written and recorded sources, such as press, radio, and television.

The grammar is designed for a wide readership, including students of Georgian, particularly at the intermediate and advanced levels, as well as scholars of Georgian and theoretical linguistics.

Autorentext

Tinatin Bolkvadze is Professor at the Department of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Dodona Kiziria is Professor at Indiana University, Indiana, Bloomington, USA.

Klappentext

Georgian: A Comprehensive Grammar constitutes a complete reference work addressing all major elements of Modern Georgian grammar and usage.

Inhalt

Acknowledgements

GEORGIAN LANGUAGE AND ALPHABET

1. PLACE OF THE GEORGIAN LANGUAGE AMONG
   THE SOUTH CAUCASIAN LANGUAGES

2. THE GEORGIAN ALPHABET

PHONOLOGY

3. SOUND SYSTEM OF THE GEORGIAN LANGUAGE

3.1. Classification of consonants

3.1.1. Consonant triples

3.1.2. Consonant pairs

3.1.3. Separate consonants

3.1.4. Structure of consonant clusters

3.2. Classification of vowels

3.2.1. Backness

3.2.2. Height

3.2.3. Traingle of vowels

MORPHOLOGY

4. NOUNS

4.1. Noun groups

4.1.1. Animate and inanimate nouns

4.1.2. Concrete and abstract nouns

4.1.3. Proper and common nouns

4.1.4. Collective nouns

4.1.5. Noncount nouns

4.2. Grammatical categories of nouns

4.2.1. Case and number markers

4.2.2. Function of cases

4.3. Declension of noun

4.3.1. Declension of common nouns

4.3.1.1. Declension of consonant-stem
non-syncopating common nouns

4.3.1.2. Declension of consonant-stem
syncopating common nouns

4.3.1.3. Consonant-stem common nouns with
irregular syncopation patterns

4.3.1.4. Declension of vowel-stem common
nouns

4.3.1.5. Declension of vowel-stem
non-truncating common nouns

4.3.1.6. Declension of vowel-stem truncating
common nouns

4.3.1.7. Vowel-stem common nouns with
irregular declension patterns

4.3.1.8. Declension of vowel-stem truncating
common nouns with syncope

4.4. Declension of proper names

4.4.1. Declension of consonant-stem personal names

4.4.2. Declension of consonant-stem geographic names

4.4.3. Declension of vowel-stem given names

4.4.4. Declension of vowel-stem family names

4.4.5. Declension of given and family names together

4.4.6. Vowel-stem geographic names

4.4.6.1. Non-truncating geographic names

4.4.6.2. Truncating geographic names

5. ADJECTIVES

5.1. Groups of Adjectives

5.1.1. Derivative Adjectives

5.2. Comparative and superlative Adjectives

5.3. Declension of Adjectives

5.3.1. Declension of adjectives without noun

5.3.2. Declension of Adjectives preceding noun

5.3.2.1. Declension of vowel-stem adjectives
preceding noun

5.3.2.2. Declension of consonant stem adjectives
preceding noun

6. NUMERALS

6.1. Types of numerals

6.1.1. Cardinal numerals

6.1.2. Spelling of Cardinal Numerals

6.2. Ordinal and Fractional Numerals

6.3. Declension of Numerals

6.3.1. Declension of consonant-stem cardinal numerals

6.3.1.1. Declension of consonant-stem cardinal
numerals

6.3.1.2. Declension of consonant-stem quantifiers

6.3.2. Declension of vowel-stem numerals

6.3.2.1. Declension of vowel-stem cardinal
numerals

6.3.2.2. Declension of vowel-stem quantifiers

6.3.2.3. Declension of vowel stem ordinal numerals

6.3.3. Declension of cardinal numerals extended
by particles

6.3.4. Declension of numerals followed by noun

6.3.4.1. Declension of vowel-stem numerals
followed by noun

6.3.4.2. Declension of consonant-stem cardinal
numerals followed by noun

6.3.5. Declension of numerals followed by numerals

7. PRONOUNS

7.1. Personal pronouns and their declension

7.2. Reflexive pronouns

7.3. Possessive pronouns and their declension

7.3.1. Declension of possesive pronouns with noun

7.4. Demonstrative pronouns

7.4.1. Declension of demonstrative pronouns

7.4.2. Declension of demonstrative pronouns preceding
noun

7.4.3. Declension of demonstrative pronouns with added
particles separately and with noun

7.5. Interrogative pronouns and their declension

7.5.1. Declension of interrogative pronouns preceding
noun

7.6. Possessive-interrogative pronouns and their
declension

7.6.1. Declension of possessive-interrogative pronouns
preceding noun

7.7. Negative pronouns and their declension

7.8. Definite pronouns and their declension

7.8.1. Declension of definite pronouns preceding noun

7.9. Indefinite pronouns and their declension

7.9.1. Declension of indefinite pronouns preceding noun

7.10. Reciprocal pronouns and their declension

7.11. Relative pronouns and their Declension

8. COMPOUNDS

8.1. Semantics of Compounds

8.2. Structure of Compounds

8.2.1. Compounds with reduplicated stems

8.2.2. Compounds with different stems

8.2.3. Closed Compounds

9. VERBS

9.1. Person and number of the Verb

9.1.1. Persons and actants

9.1.2. Subject and number markers

9.1.3. Direct/indirect object and number markers

9.1.4. Subject and object cases

9.1.5. Inversion of subject and object markers

9.1.6. Grammatical and actual verb persons

9.2. Preverbs

9.2.1. Structure of preverbs

9.2.2. Functions of preverb

9.3. Voice and Transitivity of verbs

9.3.1. Active voice

9.3.2. Passive voice

9.3.2.1. Suffixal passive voice verbs

9.3.2.2. Prefixal passive voice verbs

9.3.2.3. Root passive voice verbs

9.3.3. Medial verbs

9.3.3.1. Medio-Active verbs

9.3.3.2. Medio-Passive verbs

9.4. Version

9.4.1. Neutral and Locative versions

9.4.2. Subjective version

9.4.3. Objective version

9.5. Tense and its subcategories

9.5.1. Mood

9.5.2. Aspect

9.6. Conjugation of Verbs

9.6.1. I Series

9.6.1.2. Present Subseries

9.6.1.2.1. Present

9.6.1.2.2. Imperfect

9.6.1.2.3. Present subjunctive

9.6.1.3. Future Subseries

9.6.2. II Series

9.6.2.1. Aorist

9.6.2.2. Optative

9.6.3. III Series

9.6.3.1. Perfect

9.6.3.2. Pluperfect

9.6.3.3. Perfect subjunctive

9.7. Irregular verbs

9.7.1. Irregular verbs with changing stems in agreement
with a plural subject

9.7.2. Irregular verbs with changing stems in agreement
with a plural direct object

9.7.3. Honorific verbs of polite conversation

9.7.4. Irregular verbs with changing stems by tense

9.7.5. Irregular verbs with changimg stems by aspect

9.8. Verbal nouns

9.8.1. Gerund and its derivation

9.8.2. Participles

9.8.2.1. Active voice Participles

9.8.2.2. Passive voice participles

9.8.2.2.1. Past passive participles

9.8.2.2.2. Future passive participles

9.8.2.2.3 Negative passive participles

9.8.2.3. Medial voice participles

10. ADVERBS

10.1. Primary and derivative adverbs

10.2. Semantic groups of Adverbs

11. POSPOSITIONS

12. CONJUNCTIONS

12.1. Coordinating Conjunctions

12.1.1. Correlative Conjunctions

12.1.2. Separating Conjunctions

12.1.3. Contrastive Conjunctions

12.1.4. Equating Conjunctions

12.2. Subordinating Conjunctions

13. PARTICLES

13.1. Interrogative particles

13.2. Limiting particles

13.3. Negation particles

13.4. Affirmative particles

13.5. Reported speech particles

13.6. Approximating particles

13.7. Emphasizing particles

13.8. Particles expressing wish or desire

13.9. Selective particles

13.10. Pa…