Geostatistics and Petroleum Geology

This is an extensive revision of a book that I wrote over ten years ago. My purpose then has remained unchanged: to introduce the concepts and methods of spatial statistics to geologists and engineers working with oil and gas data. I believe I have accomplished more than that; just as I learned the basics of variography and kriging from books for mining engineers, this book could be used by scientists from many fields to learn the basics of the subject. I have tried to adopt an introductory and practical approach to the subject, knowing that books that detail the theory are available. What I say and write comes from my own experience. As a geologist working in the public sector, I have had the privilege of using geostatistics in funded research, in answering service requests from industry, and in short courses. I have taught geostatistics in the university classroom, and advised graduate students in theses and dissertations. I have attempted to anticipate the needs and questions of theenquiring scientist because I was there myself, and know the kind of questions and concerns I had at the time I was trying to learn the subject.

Zusammenfassung
This is an extensive revision of a book that I wrote over ten years ago. just as I learned the basics of variography and kriging from books for mining engineers, this book could be used by scientists from many fields to learn the basics of the subject.

Inhalt
1 Overview of geostatistics.- 1.1 A few definitions.- 1.2 A simple geostatistical case study.- 1.3 Geostatistics on the computer.- 1.4 Computer software.- 1.5 Data sources.- Further reading.- References.- 2 The semivariogram.- 2.1 Basic calculation and principles.- 2.2 Modeling an observed semivariogram.- 2.3 Hole effects.- 2.4 Anisotropic models.- 2.5 Three-dimensional examples.- 2.6 Outliers, normality, and robustness.- 2.7 Automated fitting of semivariograms.- 2.8 Summary.- References.- 3 Linear estimation.- 3.1 Kriging equations.- 3.2 Examples.- 3.3 Kriging in three dimensions.- 3.4 Summary.- References.- 4 Multivariate geostatistics.- 4.1 Coregionalization.- 4.2 Cokriging equations.- 4.3 Modeling a coregionalization.- 4.4 A simple example.- 4.5 Initial potentials and cumulative production.- 4.6 A stratigraphic application.- 4.7 Kriging with external drift.- 4.8 Collocated cokriging.- 4.9 Difficulties and solutions.- 4.10 Summary.- References.- 5 Nonlinear estimation: disjunctive and lognormal kriging.- 5.1 Disjunctive kriging.- 5.2 Example: initial potential.- 5.3 Lognormal kriging.- 5.4 Summary.- References.- 6 Indicator kriging.- 6.1 Analysis of an indicator variable.- 6.2 Indicator kriging with multiple cutoffs.- 6.3 Examples.- 6.4 Median kriging.- 6.5 Cumulative distribution functions.- 6.6 Soft data.- 6.7 Facies modeling.- 6.8 Probability kriging.- 6.9 Summary.- References.- 7 Conditional simulation.- 7.1 Methods of conditional simulation.- 7.2 Examples.- 7.3 Which method to use?.- 7.4 Summary.- References.- Appendices.