German and United States Second World War Military Cemeteries in Italy

US and German military cemeteries in Italy differ in style and message. Analysis, interpretation, and research reveal each nation's ideological character at the time of their design, and point to US becoming politically conservative and conformist, while (West) Germany sought new values.

Styles of soldiers' commemoration reveal national self-images. US WW II military cemeteries in Italy and their German counterparts are analyzed as art-historical artifacts. Their aesthetics, together with results of archival research, reveal a self-assured US united in values, projecting victory and Pax-Americana while a struggling Germany searches for its democratic identity and a place within the community of civilized nations. In Italy, the US relied on imported European classicism as taught at the influential American Academy in Rome and interpreted through the personalities of the cemeteries' designers. Germany's designs, rejecting Nazi classicism, progressed through an inherited unique blend of medievalism with modernism toward a contemporary style that integrates modernism and expressionism. The US honors soldiers' death as worthy sacrifice for the nation's greatness and the world's future. Germany focuses on mourning and interprets soldiers' death as tragedy whose only meaning can be an admonition to seek peace.

Autorentext

German/American art historian Birgit Urmson studied art-history in Munich, Paris, Vienna and at U.C. Berkeley, CA. She holds a MA in environmental design, a MA in art-history from U.C. Berkeley, and a PhD in American Cultural History from the Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich. She authored the novel Germaine and pursues classical singing. She has a large family and lives in Oakland, CA and in Tuscany.

Klappentext

Styles of soldiers commemoration reveal national self-images. US WW II military cemeteries in Italy and their German counterparts are analyzed as art-historical artifacts. Their aesthetics, together with results of archival research, reveal a self-assured US united in values, projecting victory and Pax-Americana while a struggling Germany searches for its democratic identity and a place within the community of civilized nations. In Italy, the US relied on imported European classicism as taught at the influential American Academy in Rome and interpreted through the personalities of the cemeteries designers. Germany s designs, rejecting Nazi classicism, progressed through an inherited unique blend of medievalism with modernism toward a contemporary style that integrates modernism and expressionism. The US honors soldiers death as worthy sacrifice for the nation s greatness and the world s future. Germany focuses on mourning and interprets soldiers death as tragedy whose only meaning can be an admonition to seek peace.

Inhalt

I. US Organizing for Remembrance

II. Germany Organizing for Remembrance

III. Anzio/Nettuno: Space of Triumph

IV. Paul Manship: The Best of American Art?

V. Postlude: Eric Gugler's Monumental Dreams

VI. Impruneta. An Example of American Modern Classicism

VII. Impruneta's Patriotic Embellishment: Message & Beauty.

VIII. Sic Transit Gloria

IX. Robert Tischler's Hegemony in Italy: Continuity and Change.

X. Cassino/Caira. Between Tradition and Innovation.

XI. The Futa Pass: A New Form makes an Appropriate Statement.

XII. The Futa Pass: An Exoneration of Weimar Republic's "Aberrant Art?"