Human-Computer Interaction

This book is the final product of a conference organized at the Free Univer sity, Amsterdam, by some members of the Dutch Human Performance Group and sponsored by the Dutch Psychonomic Society. We first of all thank the Society for financially supporting this publication, and the Free University for providing technical support. P.J.G. Keuss, A.A.J. Mannaerts, and W. Hulstijn, members of the organizing commitee, and J.A. Michon and W. Molenaar collaborated with the editors in defining the fields dealt with at the conference and in the book and in getting together the team of authors. All the chapters in this volume have been reviewed by a team of external referees, who generously spent their time to improve the readability, coher ence, and scientific standard of the work as a whole: H. Bogers, Institute for Experimental Psychology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; P. Innocent, Leicester Polytechnic, UK; G.A.M. Kempen, Institute for Cogni tion Research and Information Technology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; J. Moraal, Institute for Perception RVO/TNO, Soesterberg, The Netherlands; I.M. van Oorschot, Department of Economics, Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; G.R.E. Ouweneel, Institute for Experimental Psychology, Haren, The Netherlands; J.G.W. Raaymakers, Institute for Perception RVO/TNO, Soesterberg, The Netherlands; G. Rohr, IBM Science Center, Heidelberg, FRG; M.J. Tauber, Department of Computer Science, University of Paderborn, FRG; Y. Waern, Department of Psychology, University of Stockholm, Sweden; G. d'Ydewalle, Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium.

Klappentext

This book provides a broad overview of the contributions of experimental research in psychology and related disciplines to the domain of human-computer interaction. Four major topics are considered. The first deals with the presentation of visual information and basic aspects of visual information processing. Some relevant applications are also illustrated in the domains of texts and visual presentation of statistical information. The second major topic is concerned with the representation of knowledge. The interaction between man and machine is most effective if both components have an adequate representation of knowledge. Several techniques of representation are shown, and the compatibility between human representation and machine representation is discussed. The development of expert systems will in many respects change the nature of the interaction between man and machine in artificial intelligence. In the third part, future developments, the current state of expert systems as compared with human experts and the characteristics of productions systems which are so prominent in most expert systems are all discussed. Finally, some features of interaction with systems are reviewed, including the ergonomic value of key boards and advanced input modes like handwritten text and speech. Procedures for searching for information in large databases and for the use of natural language in the interaction between man and machine are increasingly important.

Inhalt
The Presentation of Visual Information: Visual Aspects.- 1. The Legibility of Visual Display Texts.- 2. The Use of Color in Visual Displays.- 3. Visual Fatigue with Work on Visual Display Units: The Current State of Knowledge.- 4. Visual Comfort as a Criterion for Designing Display Units.- The Presentation of Visual Information: Statistical Aspects.- 5. Displaying Statistical Information Ergonomic Considerations.- 6. Factors Influencing the Detection of Trend Deviations on VDTs.- The Presentation of Visual Information: Linguistic Aspects.- 7. Visual Presentation of Text: The Process of Reading from a Psycholinguistic Perspective.- 8. The Effect on Reading Speed of Word Divisions at the End of a Line.- 9. Document Processing.- The Representation of Knowledge.- 10. A Comparison of Presentation and Representation: Linguistic and Pictorial.- 11. Structuring Knowledge in a Graph.- 12. Knowledge Representation Techniques in Artificial Intelligence: An Overview.- 13. Tree Doctor, a Software Package for Graphical Manipulation and Animation of Tree Structures.- 14. Textvision: Elicitation and Acquisition of Conceptual Knowledge by Graphic Representation and Multiwindowing.- 15. Development of Mental Models of an Office System: A Field Study on an Introductory Course.- Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence.- 16. Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Psychology: A New Look at Human Factors.- 17. Knowledge and Expertise in Expert Systems.- 18. Architectures for Production Systems: An Inside Look for Those Who Study Human-Computer Interaction.- Interaction with Information Systems: Input Aspects.- 19. A Provisional Evaluation of a New Chord Keyboard, the Velotype.- 20. Real-time Processing of Cursive Writing and Sketched Graphics.- 21. Automatic Identification of Writers.-22. The Use of Speech in Man-Machine Interaction.- Searching for Information in Information Systems.- 23. Search Strategies in Internal and External Memories.- 24. Keywords Instead of Hierarchical Menus.- The Use of Natural Language in Interaction with Information Systems.- 25. Natural Language Communication with Computers: Some Problems, Perspectives, and New Directions.- Appendix: Color Plates.