Problem-Based Learning Approach in Microbiology

Problem-based Learning Approach in Microbiology, is an organ-based study of microbiology and infectious diseases using real patient problems (cases) and cases edited for educational purposes. This approach uses case studies to stimulate interactive learning and to facilitate basic knowledge for clinical training.

In seven sections, each problem in each section begins with a clinical case scenario and is followed by the learning objectives of the case. The "Question-and-answer section facilitates student-tutor interaction, thereby resulting in a problem-solving approach. The etiological agent is then described in complete detail comprising the epidemiology and pathogenicity of the agent, and the host immune response, clinical manifestations, diagnostic, and therapeutic measures. This book includes a wide-spectrum of commonly encountered infectious diseases, emerging infectious diseases, and immunological diseases. This book caters to the need for fundamental knowledge through an alternative approach achieved by dividing the book into sections.

This book facilitates a more effective learning process thereby ensuring better information retention, correlation with real-life scenarios, and better applicability of the concepts.

Autorentext

Khalid Mubarak Bindayna, PhD, is a professor of microbiology with 30 years of experience in teaching in PBL and received a Ph.D. in microbiology from the Imperial College of Medicine in London. Bindayna has published over 30 articles in peer-reviewed medical journals, including The Lancet.

Inhalt

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
HOW TO USE THIS BOOK

CHAPTER 1 Basic concepts in microbiology and immunology

Problem number 1.1: antibiotics
Diagnosis
Treatment
Follow-up and outcome
Question and answer
Learning objectives
Discussion
Key take-aways

Problem number 1.2: sterilization
Question and answer
Learning objectives
Discussion
Key take-aways

Problem number 1.3: fever
Diagnosis
Treatment and support
Follow-up and outcome
Question and answer
Learning objectives
Discussion
Key take-aways

Problem number 1.4: food poisoning caused by Shigella flexneri
Diagnosis
Treatment
Follow-up and outcome
Question and answer
Learning objectives
Discussion
Etiological agent
Key take-aways

Problem number 1.5: immunodeficiency
Diagnosis
Treatment and therapy
Follow-up and outcome
Question and answer
Learning objectives
Discussion
Key take-aways
References

CHAPTER 2 Infections of the central and sensory nervous system

Problem number 2.1: Tetanus caused by Clostridium tetani infection
Diagnosis
Treatment
Question and answer
Learning objectives
Discussion
Etiological agent
Key take-aways

Problem number 2.2: Shingles caused by herpes zoster virus infection
Diagnosis
Treatment
Question and answer
Learning objectives
Discussion
Etiological agent
Key take-aways

Problem number 2.3: Preseptal cellulitis caused by Hemophilus influenzae infection
Diagnosis
Treatment
Question and answer
Learning objectives
Discussion
Etiological agent
Key take-aways

Problem number 2.4: Subdural empyema caused by Streptococcus pyogenes infection
Diagnosis
Treatment
Question and answer
Learning objectives
Discussion
Etiological agent
Key take-aways
References

CHAPTER 3 Infections of the gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary system

Problem number 3.1: Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess caused due to Klebsiella pneumoniae infection
Diagnosis
Treatment
Question and answer
Learning objectives
Discussion
Discussion
Etiological agent
Key take-aways

Problem number 3.2: Liver failure caused by cytomegalovirus-induced hepatitis
Diagnosis
Treatment
Question and answer
Learning objectives
Discussion
Etiological agent
Key take-away

Problem number 3.3: Ulcerative colitis caused by rotavirus infection
Diagnosis
Treatment
Follow-up and outcome
Question and answer
Learning objectives
Discussion
Etiological agent
Key take-aways

Problem number 3.4: Gastric ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori
Diagnosis
Treatment
Follow-up and outcome
Question and answer
Learning objectives
Discussion
Etiological agent
Key take-aways
References

CHAPTER 4 Infections of the respiratory system

Problem number 4.1: Community-acquired pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae
Current (on-going) medications
Diagnosis
Treatment
Question and answer
Learning objectives
Discussion
Etiological agent
Key take-aways

Problem number 4.2: Cystic fibrosis exacerbated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection
Diagnosis
Treatment
Question and answer
Learning objectives
Discussion
Etiological agent
Key take-aways

Problem number 4.3: Acute bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus
Diagnosis
Treatment
Question and answer
Learning objectives
Discussion
Etiological agent
Key take-aways

Problem number 4.4: Chronic productive cough and low-grade fever caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Diagnosis
Treatment
Follow-up and outcome
Question and answer
Learning objectives
Discussion
Etiological agent
Key take-aways
References

CHAPTER 5 Infections of the cardiovascular system

Problem number 5.1: Rheumatic heart disease caused by Streptococcus viridans infection
Diagnosis
Treatment
Follow-up
Outcome
Diagnosis
Treatment
Question and answer
Learning objectives
Discussion
Etiological agent
Key take-aways

Problem number 5.2: Cardiomyopathy caused by Coxsackie B virus infection
Ongoing medications
Diagnosis
Question and answer
Learning objectives
Discussion
Etiological agent
Key take-aways

Problem number 5.3: Cardiovascular complications caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection
Diagnosis
Treatment
Question and answer
Learning objectives
Discussion
Etiological agent
Key take-aways

Problem number 5.4: Infective endocarditis caused by Enterococcus faecalis infection
Diagnosis
Treatment
Question and answer
Learning objectives
Discussion
Etiological agent
Key take-aways
References

CHAPTER 6 Infections of the urogenital tract

Problem number 6.1: Urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia coli (extended-spectrum ß-lactamase)
Diagnosis
Treatment
Question and answer
Learning objectives
Discussion
Etiological agent
Key take-aways

Problem number 6.2: Vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by Candida albicans infection
Diagnosis
Treatment
Follow-up and outcome
Question and answer
Learning objectives
Discussion
Etiological agent
Key take-aways

Problem number 6.3: Urinary tract infection caused by Proteus mirabilis infection
Diagnosis
Treatment
Follow-up and outcome
Question and answer
Learning objectives
Discussion
Etiological agent
Key take-aways

Problem number 6.4: Postinfectious glomerulonephritis secondary to Epstein 2 Barr virus infection
Diagnosis
Treatment
Follow-up and outcome
Question and answer
Learning objectives
Discussion
Etiological agent
Key take-aways
References

CHAPTER 7 Infections of the blood, skin, and musculoskeletal system

Problem 7.1: Meningococcemia caused by Neisseria meningitidis infection
Diagnosis
Treatment
Question and answer
Learning objectives
Discussion
Etiological agent
Key take-aways

Problem number 7.2: Malaria
Diagnosis
Treatment
Question and answer
Learning objectives
Discussion
Etiological agent
Key take-aways

Problem 7.3: Posttraumatic foot infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus
Diagnosis
Treatment
Question and answer
Learning objectives
Discussion
Etiological agent
Key take-aways

Problem 7.4: Septicemia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii infection
Diagnosis
Treatment
Question and answer
Learning objectives
Discussion
Etiological agent
Key take-aways
References

CHAPTER 8 Infections in…