The Golgi Apparatus

Summarizes new data about molecular modes of the function of the Golgi apparatus Complete overview of current research Supplementary films online Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras

Klappentext

The Golgi complex is more than 110 years in the center of interest and scientific debates. It constitutes a main crossroads in secretory and endocytic traffic. However, despite thousands of details known about architecture, organization, and transport mechanisms across the Golgi stacks of cisternae, and potentially due to this plethora of information, it is difficult to find explanations, how the complex system works. The book summarizes all new data obtained after development of methods of Golgi complex sub fractionation, molecular biology and microscopy collecting the full range of expertise, different points of view and different approaches. The book will be devoted to molecular modes of the function of the Golgi apparatus as a whole, taking into account all experimental data even if they contradict existing models of Golgi function. The aim of the book is to make the functional organization of the Golgi apparatus more understandable by keeping it as simple as possible but also as full as possible. TOC:Introduction The Golgi apparatus as a crossroads in intracellular traffic. An overview 1. General considerations 1.1. Overview of intracellular transport. Functional organization and architecture of the Golgi apparatus 1.2. Role of the Golgi ribbon 1.3. Role of lipid characteristics in the determination of Golgi geometry 1.4. Methods of studying intracellular transport 2. Main machineries operating at the Golgi complex. 2.1. SNAREs 2.2. Rabs 2.3. COPII 2.4. COPI 2.5. ARFs, and ARLs 2.6. ARF-GEF 2.7. COG 2.8. TRAPP 2.9. Exocyst 2.10. Calcium and other ions and their roles in the regulation of intracellular transport 2.11. Golgi enzymes 2.12. Sugar transporters 2.13. Clathrin-AP1 machinery 2.14. ERGIC and other luminal lectins 2.15. Golgins and Golgi matrix proteins 2.16. Lipids and the Golgi apparatus. Lipid signalling 2.17. Role of protein signalling in intra-Golgi transport 2.18. Role of the cytoskeleton in Golgi function 2.19. Golgi, dynamin and cortactin 3. Main transport steps 3.1 ER-to-Golgi transport 3.2 Intra-Golgi transport 3.3 Structure and domain organization of the trans-Golgi network 3.4 Golgi-to-PM transport 3.5 Golgi-to-endosome transport 3.6 Transport of lysosomal enzymes 3.7 Retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport 3.8 Retrograde endosome-to-TGN transport 3.9. Retrograde PM-to-Golgi transport 3.10. Interactions between endocytosis and secretory transport 3.11. Golgi apparatus and invadopodia 3.12. Regulated secretion 3.13. Formation of mucin granules 3.14. Golgi apparatus and cell polarity 4. Golgi apparatus new formation, dynamics, and inheritance 4.1. Golgi apparatus and mitosis 4.2. Golgi maintenance and dynamics 4.3. Golgi apparatus inheritance 5. Peculiarities of intracellular transport in different organisms. 5.1. Plants 5.2. Yeast 5.3. Endomembrane ultrastructure and dynamics in yeasts 5.4. Protists 5.5. Evolution of the secretory pathway 6. General conclusions

Zusammenfassung
This book summarizes all new data obtained after development of methods of Golgi complex sub fractionation, molecular biology and microscopy. It collects the full range of expertise, different points of view and different approaches. The book is devoted to molecular modes of the function of the Golgi apparatus as a whole, taking into account all experimental data. The book aims to make the functional organization of the Golgi apparatus more understandable.

Inhalt
General considerations.- The Golgi apparatus and main discoveries in the field of intracellular transport.- The Golgi apparatus as a crossroads in intracellular traffic.- Main machineries operating at the Golgi apparatus.- SNAREs.- Rabs.- COPII.- COPI: mechanisms and transport roles.- Arfs and Arls: models for Arf family members in membrane traffic at the Golgi.- COG complex.- The TRAPP complex.- The role of Ca2 in the regulation of intracellular transport.- Golgi glycosylation enzymes.- Nucleotide sugar transporters of the Golgi apparatus.- Luminal lectins.- The Golgi ribbon and the function of the Golgins.- Functional cross talk between membrane trafficking and cell signalling.- The role of the cytoskeleton in the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus.- The dynamin-cortactin complex as a mediator of vesicle formation at the trans-Golgi network.- The geometry of organelles of the secretory pathway.- Main transport steps.- ER-to-Golgi transport.- Intra-Golgi transport.- Structure and domain organization of the trans- Golgi network.- Golgi-to-PM transport.- Protein transport from the trans-Golgi network to endosomes.- The transport of soluble lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi complex to lysosomes.- Transport of lysosomal membrane proteins from the Golgi complex to lysosomes.- Retrograde endosome-to-TGN transport.- Retrograde plasma membrane-to-Golgi apparatus transport.- Interactions between endocytosis and secretory transport.- Origins of the regulated secretory pathway.- Secretion and endocytosis in endothelial cells.- Formation of mucin granules.- Golgi apparatus and epithelial cell polarity.- Golgi apparatus inheritance.- Peculiarities of intracellular transport in different organisms.- Features of the plant Golgi apparatus.- Yeast Golgi apparatus.- Morphodynamics of the yeast Golgi apparatus.- Structure and function of the Golgi organelle in parasitic protists.- Evolution of the Golgi complex.- General conclusions.- Concluding remarks, questions, and perspectives.