Bioengineering and Molecular Biology of Plant Pathways

Klappentext The increased knowledge about the structure of genomes in a number of species, about the complexity of transcriptomes, and the rapid growth in knowledge about mutant phenotypes have set off the large scale use of transgenes to answer basic biological questions, and to generate new crops and novel products. Bioengineering and Molecular Biology of Plant Pathways includes twelve chapters, which to variable degrees describe the use of transgenic plants to explore possibilities and approaches for the modification of plant metabolism, adaptation or development. The interests of the authors range from tool development, to basic biochemical know-how about the engineering of enzymes, to exploring avenues for the modification of complex multigenic pathways, and include several examples for the engineering of specific pathways in different organs and developmental stages. Inhaltsverzeichnis Dedication Contributors to Volume 1 Introduction to the Series and Acknowledgements Preface to volume 1 Prologue Metabolic Organization in Plants: A Challenge for the Metabolic Engineer 1 Introduction 2 Plant Metabolic Networks and Their Organization 3 Tools for Analyzing Network Structure and Performance 4 Integration of Plant Metabolism 5 Summary Enzyme Engineering 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Considerations 3 Practical Considerations for Engineering Enzymes 4 Opportunities for Plant Improvement Through Engineered Enzymes and Proteins 5 Summary Genetic Engineering of Amino Acid Metabolism in Plants 1 Introduction 2 Glutamine, Glutamate, Aspartate, and Asparagine are Central Regulators of Nitrogen Assimilation, Metabolism, and Transport 3 The Aspartate Family Pathway that is Responsible for Synthesis of the Essential Amino Acids Lysine, Threonine, Methionine, and Isoleucine 4 Regulation of Methionine Biosynthesis 5 Engineering Amino Acid Metabolism to Improve the Nutritional Quality of Plants for Nonruminants and Ruminants 6 Future Prospects 7 Summary Engineering Photosynthetic Pathways 1 Introduction 2 Identification of Limiting Steps in the PCR Cycle 3 Engineering CO2âEUR?Fixation Enzymes 4 Engineering PostâEUR?RuBisCO Reactions 5 Summary Genetic Engineering of Seed Storage Proteins 1 Introduction 2 Storage Protein Modification for the Improvement of Seed Protein Quality 3 Use of Seed Storage Proteins for Protein Quality Improvements in Nonseed Crops 4 Modification of Grain Biophysical Properties 5 Transgenic Modifications that Enhance the Utility of Seed Storage Proteins 6 Summary and Future Prospects Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Cellulose Biosynthesis in Plants: Prospects for Genetic Engineering 1 Introduction 2 The Many Forms of CelluloseâEUR?A Brief Introduction to the Structure and Different Crystalline Forms of Cellulose 3 Biochemistry of Cellulose Biosynthesis in Plants 4 Molecular Biology of Cellulose Biosynthesis in Plants 5 Mechanism of Cellulose Synthesis 6 Prospects for Genetic Engineering of Cellulose Biosynthesis in Plants 7 Summary Metabolic Engineering of the Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Vegetable Oils 1 Introduction 2 TAG Synthesis 3 Control of TAG Composition 4 Summary Pathways for the Synthesis of Polyesters in Plants: Cutin, Suberin, and Polyhydroxyalkanoates 1 Introduction 2 Cutin and Suberin 3 Polyhydroxyalkanoate Plant Sterol Methyltransferases: Phytosterolomic Analysis, Enzymology, and Bioengineering Strategies 1 Introduction 2 Pathways of Phytosterol Biosynthesis 3 Phytosterolomics 4 Enzymology and Evolution of the SMT 5 Bioengineering Strategies for ...

Zusammenfassung
Describes the use of transgenic plants to explore possibilities and approaches for the modification of plant metabolism, adaptation or development. This volume provides a conceptual framework regarding the challenges faced in engineering pathways. It discusses potential in engineering of metabolic end-products that are of economical importance.

Inhalt

Dedication

Contributors to Volume 1

Introduction to the Series and Acknowledgements

Preface to volume 1

Prologue

Metabolic Organization in Plants: A Challenge for the Metabolic Engineer

1 Introduction

2 Plant Metabolic Networks and Their Organization

3 Tools for Analyzing Network Structure and Performance

4 Integration of Plant Metabolism

5 Summary

Enzyme Engineering

1 Introduction

2 Theoretical Considerations

3 Practical Considerations for Engineering Enzymes

4 Opportunities for Plant Improvement Through Engineered Enzymes and Proteins

5 Summary

Genetic Engineering of Amino Acid Metabolism in Plants

1 Introduction

2 Glutamine, Glutamate, Aspartate, and Asparagine are Central Regulators of Nitrogen Assimilation, Metabolism, and Transport

3 The Aspartate Family Pathway that is Responsible for Synthesis of the Essential Amino Acids Lysine, Threonine, Methionine, and Isoleucine

4 Regulation of Methionine Biosynthesis

5 Engineering Amino Acid Metabolism to Improve the Nutritional Quality of Plants for Nonruminants and Ruminants

6 Future Prospects

7 Summary

Engineering Photosynthetic Pathways

1 Introduction

2 Identification of Limiting Steps in the PCR Cycle

3 Engineering CO2âEUR?Fixation Enzymes

4 Engineering PostâEUR?RuBisCO Reactions

5 Summary

Genetic Engineering of Seed Storage Proteins

1 Introduction

2 Storage Protein Modification for the Improvement of Seed Protein Quality

3 Use of Seed Storage Proteins for Protein Quality Improvements in Nonseed Crops

4 Modification of Grain Biophysical Properties

5 Transgenic Modifications that Enhance the Utility of Seed Storage Proteins

6 Summary and Future Prospects

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Cellulose Biosynthesis in Plants: Prospects for Genetic Engineering

1 Introduction

2 The Many Forms of CelluloseâEUR?A Brief Introduction to the Structure and Different Crystalline Forms of Cellulose

3 Biochemistry of Cellulose Biosynthesis in Plants

4 Molecular Biology of Cellulose Biosynthesis in Plants

5 Mechanism of Cellulose Synthesis

6 Prospects for Genetic Engineering of Cellulose Biosynthesis in Plants

7 Summary

Metabolic Engineering of the Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Vegetable Oils

1 Introduction

2 TAG Synthesis

3 Control of TAG Composition

4 Summary

Pathways for the Synthesis of Polyesters in Plants: Cutin, Suberin, and Polyhydroxyalkanoates

1 Introduction

2 Cutin and Suberin

3 Polyhydroxyalkanoate

Plant Sterol Methyltransferases: Phytosterolomic Analysis, Enzymology, and Bioengineering Strategies

1 Introduction

2 Pathways of Phytosterol Biosynthesis

3 Phytosterolomics

4 Enzymology and Evolution of the SMT

5 Bioengineering Strategies for Generating Plants with Modified Sterol Compositions

Engineering Plant Alkaloid Biosynthetic Pathways: Progress and Prospects

1 Introduction

2 Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids

3 Tetrahydrobenzylisoquinoline Alkaloids

4 Tropane Alkaloids

5 Summary

Engineering Formation of Medicinal Compounds in Cell Cultures

1 Introduction

2 Biochemistry and Cell Biology of Secondary Metabolites

3 Cell Culture and Metabolite Production

4 Beyond the Obstacles: Molecular Biological Approaches to Improve Productivity of Secondary Metabolites in Plant Cells

5 Future Perspectives

6 Summary

Genetic Engineering for Salinity Stress Tolerance

6 Plant Signal Transduction for Adaptation to Salinity

7 ABA is a Major Mediator of Plant Stress Response Signaling

8 Summary

Metabolic Engineering of Plant Allyl/Propenyl Phenol and Lignin Pathways: Future Potential for Biofuels/Bioenergy, Polymer Intermediates, and Specialty Chemicals?

1 Introduction

2 Lignin Formation and Manipulation

3 Current Sources/Markets for Specialty Allyl/Propenyl Phenols

4 Biosynthesis of Allyl and Propenyl Phenols and Related Phenylpropanoid Moieties

5 Potential for Allyl/Propenyl Phenols?

6 Summary

Author Index

Subject Index