Biomaterials for Spinal Surgery

Informationen zum Autor Professor Luigi Ambrosio is a Research Director at the Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Italy. He is a renowned scientist with expertise in biomedical composites and has published over 300 papers in international scientific journals and books, 16 patents, 150 invited lectures and over 400 presentations at international and national conferences. Elizabeth Tanner is Professor of Mechanics of Materials and Structures at the University of Glasgow, UK. Both are noted for their research in bone biomaterials and therapies. Klappentext A review of spine biology and biomechanics! the latest developments in spinal biomaterials such as cages! plates and discs! and developments in regeneration of the spine. Chapters include biomechanics on the spine! disc replacement! vertebroplasty and scoliosis surgery. Zusammenfassung There have been important developments in materials and therapies for the treatment of spinal conditions. Biomaterials for spinal surgery summarises this research and how it is being applied for the benefit of patients. Inhaltsverzeichnis Contributor contact details Chapter 1: Introduction to biomaterials for spinal surgery Abstract: 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Total disc replacement 1.3 Nucleus pulposus replacement 1.4 Materials for spinal applications 1.5 Conclusions Part I: Fundamentals of biomaterials for spinal surgery Chapter 2: An overview of the challenges of bringing a medical device for the spine to the market Abstract: 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Selection and sourcing of materials in medical device developments 2.3 Biocompatibility testing 2.4 Medical device regulation 2.5 Conclusions 2.6 Acknowledgement Chapter 3: Introduction to spinal pathologies and clinical problems of the spine Abstract: 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Degenerative spine disease 3.3 Spinal trauma 3.4 Spinal deformity 3.5 Malignancy 3.6 Infection 3.7 Conclusions Chapter 4: Forces on the spine Abstract: 4.1 Introduction 4.2 In vivo measured components of spinal loads 4.3 In vitro measured spinal load components 4.4 Analytical models for spinal load estimation 4.5 Recommendations for the simulations of loads for in vitro and numerical studies 4.6 Conclusions Chapter 5: Finite element modelling of the spine Abstract: 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Functional spine biomechanics and strength of numerical explorations 5.3 Geometrical approximations in spine finite element modelling 5.4 Numerical approximations: accuracy and computational cost 5.5 Constitutive models for the spine tissues 5.6 Simulating the mechanical loads on the spine 5.7 Model verifications and interpretations: the validation concept and quantitative validation 5.8 Future trends and conclusions: the virtual physiological spine Chapter 6: Osteobiologic agents in spine surgery Abstract: 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Bone formation and healing 6.3 Osteobiologics for spine fusion 6.4 Bone growth factors 6.5 Cellular biologics 6.6 Conclusions Part II: Spinal fusion and intervertebral discs Chapter 7: Spine fusion: cages, plates and bone substitutes Abstract: 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Spine fusion: historical concerns and surgical skills 7.3 Bone substitutes in spine fusion 7.4 Bone growth factors 7.5 Autologous bone marrow 7.6 Future trends Chapter 8: Artificial intervertebral discs Abstract: 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Structure and function of the intervertebral disc 8.3 The artificial intervertebral disc: design and materials 8.4 Fibre-reinforced composite m...

Autorentext
Professor Luigi Ambrosio is a Research Director at the Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Italy. He is a renowned scientist with expertise in biomedical composites and has published over 300 papers in international scientific journals and books, 16 patents, 150 invited lectures and over 400 presentations at international and national conferences. Elizabeth Tanner is Professor of Mechanics of Materials and Structures at the University of Glasgow, UK. Both are noted for their research in bone biomaterials and therapies.

Klappentext
This book will provide readers with information on spine biology and biomechanics, the latest developments in spinal biomaterials, such as cages, plates and discs and developments in regeneration of the spine.

Zusammenfassung
There have been important developments in materials and therapies for the treatment of spinal conditions. Biomaterials for spinal surgery summarises this research and how it is being applied for the benefit of patients.

Inhalt

Contributor contact details

Chapter 1: Introduction to biomaterials for spinal surgery

Abstract:

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Total disc replacement

1.3 Nucleus pulposus replacement

1.4 Materials for spinal applications

1.5 Conclusions

Part I: Fundamentals of biomaterials for spinal surgery

Chapter 2: An overview of the challenges of bringing a medical device for the spine to the market

Abstract:

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Selection and sourcing of materials in medical device developments

2.3 Biocompatibility testing

2.4 Medical device regulation

2.5 Conclusions

2.6 Acknowledgement

Chapter 3: Introduction to spinal pathologies and clinical problems of the spine

Abstract:

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Degenerative spine disease

3.3 Spinal trauma

3.4 Spinal deformity

3.5 Malignancy

3.6 Infection

3.7 Conclusions

Chapter 4: Forces on the spine

Abstract:

4.1 Introduction

4.2 In vivo measured components of spinal loads

4.3 In vitro measured spinal load components

4.4 Analytical models for spinal load estimation

4.5 Recommendations for the simulations of loads for in vitro and numerical studies

4.6 Conclusions

Chapter 5: Finite element modelling of the spine

Abstract:

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Functional spine biomechanics and strength of numerical explorations

5.3 Geometrical approximations in spine finite element modelling

5.4 Numerical approximations: accuracy and computational cost

5.5 Constitutive models for the spine tissues

5.6 Simulating the mechanical loads on the spine

5.7 Model verifications and interpretations: the validation concept and quantitative validation

5.8 Future trends and conclusions: the virtual physiological spine

Chapter 6: Osteobiologic agents in spine surgery

Abstract:

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Bone formation and healing

6.3 Osteobiologics for spine fusion

6.4 Bone growth factors

6.5 Cellular biologics

6.6 Conclusions

Part II: Spinal fusion and intervertebral discs

Chapter 7: Spine fusion: cages, plates and bone substitutes

Abstract:

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Spine fusion: historical concerns and surgical skills

7.3 Bone substitutes in spine fusion

7.4 Bone growth factors

7.5 Autologous bone marrow

7.6 Future trends

Chapter 8: Artificial intervertebral discs

Abstract:

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Structure and function of the intervertebral disc

8.3 The artificial intervertebral disc: design and materials

8.4 Fibre-reinforced composite materials: basic principles

8.5 Composite biomimetic artificial intervertebral discs

8.6 Future trends and conclusions

Chapter 9: Biological response to artificial discs

Abstract:

9.1 Introduction

9.2 The healing response to intervertebral disc implants

9.3 Infection as a cause of failure of implants

9.4 Loosening and the reaction to the products of wear and corrosion

9.5 Carcinogenicity and genotoxicity of metal implants

9.6 Conclusions

Part III: Vertebroplasty and scoliosis surgery

Chapter 10: The use of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) in neurosurgery

Abstract:

10.1 Introduction: a history of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)

10.2 Characteristics of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)

10.3 Preparation of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) for use in clinical practice

10.4 Clinical use of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) in neurosurgery

10.5 Developments in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)

10.6 Conclusions

Chapter 11: Optimising the properties of…