Climate Change Biology

Climate Change Biology, 2e examines the evolving discipline of human-induced climate change and the resulting shifts in the distributions of species and the timing of biological events. The text focuses on understanding the impacts of human-induced climate change by drawing on multiple lines of evidence, including paleoecology, modeling, and current observation. This revised and updated second edition emphasizes impacts of human adaptation to climate change on nature and greater emphasis on natural processes and cycles and specific elements. With four new chapters, an increased emphasis on tools for critical thinking, and a new glossary and acronym appendix, Climate Change Biology, 2e is the ideal overview of this field.

Autorentext

Lee Hannah is Senior Researcher in Climate Change Biology the Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science and Oceans at Conservation International (CI). Tracking with his interest in the role of climate change in conservation planning and methods of corridor design, he heads CI's efforts to develop conservation responses to climate change. He works collaboratively with the Bren School at UC Santa Barbara to model climate impacts on species in California, and with the National Botanical Institute in Cape Town, South Africa to model biotic change resulting from global warming in biodiversity hot spots in that region. He has written on the global extent of wilderness and the role of communities in the management of protected areas.

Klappentext

2nd edition.

Inhalt

• Acknowledgments

• Section 1. Introduction

  • Chapter 1. A New Discipline: Climate Change Biology

  • A Greenhouse Planet
  • Boundaries of Life
  • Shifting Interactions
  • Chemistry of Change
  • Linkages Back to Climate
  • Climate Change Biology

  • Chapter 2. The Climate System and Climate Change

  • The Climate System
  • Evolution of the Earth's Climate
  • Natural Drivers of Change
  • Major Features of Present Climate
  • Stable States of the System
  • Human-Driven Change: Rising CO2
  • Rapid Climate Change
  • The Velocity of Climate Change
  • Modeling the Climate System
  • Regional Climate Models
  • Commonly Used GCMs
  • Emissions Pathways
  • GCM Outputs
  • Biological Assessments with Downscaled Data

• Section 2. The Impacts of Human Induced Climate Change

  • Chapter 3. Species Range Shifts

  • First Sign of Change: Coral Bleaching
  • First Changes on Land
  • Mounting Evidence of Range Shifts
  • Patterns within the Patterns
  • Extinctions
  • Freshwater Changes
  • Pests and Pathogens

  • Chapter 4. Phenology: Changes in Timing of Biological Events Due to Climate Change

  • Arrival of Spring
  • Freshwater Systems
  • Spring Ahead, Fall Behind
  • Tropical Forest Phenology
  • Marine Systems
  • Mechanisms: Temperature and Photoperiod
  • Life-Cycles of Insect Herbivores
  • Timing Mismatches Between Species

  • Chapter 5. Ecosystem Change

  • Tropical Ecosystem Changes
  • Cloud Forests
  • Temperate Ecosystem Change
  • High Mountain Ecosystems
  • Glacier and Snowpack-Dependent Ecosystems
  • Polar and Marine Systems
  • Polar Food Webs: Changes in the Southern Ocean
  • Tropical Marine Systems
  • Pelagic Marine Systems
  • Ocean Acidification
  • Ecosystem Feedbacks to Climate System

• Section 3. Lessons from the Past

  • Chapter 6. Past Terrestrial Response

  • Scope of Change
  • The Earth Moves
  • Climate Runs Through It
  • Fast and Far: The Record of the Ice Ages
  • Ice Racing in North America and Europe
  • Out of Land: The Southern Temperate Response
  • North Meets South
  • Rapid Change: The Younger Dryas
  • Tropical Responses
  • Milankovitch Forcing in the Biological Record
  • Lessons of Past Change

  • Chapter 7. Past Marine Ecosystem Changes

  • Effects of Temperature Change
  • Effects of Sea-Level Change
  • Changes in Ocean Circulation
  • Changes in Ocean Chemistry

  • Chapter 8. Past Freshwater Changes

  • Lakes as Windows to Past Climate
  • Types of Freshwater Alteration with Climate
  • Freshwater Biotas, Habitats, and Food Chains
  • Deep Time: Pace of Evolution and Species Accumulation
  • Recent-Time (Tertiary and Pleistocene) Records of Change
  • Fast Forward

  • Chapter 9. Extinctions

  • The Five Major Mass Extinctions
  • Causes of Extinction Events
  • Climate as the Common Factor in Major Extinctions
  • Impacts and Climate
  • Does Climate Change Always Cause Extinction?
  • Climate and Extinctions in Deep Time
  • The Past 100 Million Years
  • The Past 2 Million Years: Extinction at the Dawn of the Ice Ages and the Pleistocene Extinctions
  • The Missing Ice Age Extinctions
  • Patterns in the Losses

• Section 4. Looking to the Future

  • Chapter 10. Insights from Experimentation

  • Theory
  • Laboratory and Greenhouse Experiments
  • Field Experiments
  • Results of Whole-Vegetation Experiments
  • Results of Field CO2 Experiments
  • Freshwater Experiments
  • Arctic Experiments
  • Cha