Cytokines, Stress, and Depression

Cytokines had been characterized in the early eighties as communication mole cules between immune cells, and between immunocytes and other peripheral cells, such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells. They play a key role in the regulation of the immune response and the coordination of the host response to infection. Based on these biological properties, nobody would have predicted that one decade later cytokines would burst upon neurosciences and permeate into several avenues of current research. In neurology, the connection between cytokines and inflammation, and the demonstration of a pivotal role of some of these molecules in cell death by apoptosis, prompted the investigation of their involvement in several neurological diseases involving an inflammatory component, including multiple sclerosis, brain trauma, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease. This movement started in the late eighties, and the corresponding field of research, known as neuroimmunology, is presently booming. In psychiatry, however, the relationship between cytokines and mental disorders was much less evident and took longer to materialize. The first indication that cytokines might be involved in psychopathology came from cancerology and internal medicine.

Klappentext

Until a few years ago, cytokines were only known to immunologists; now these molecules have burst upon neurosciences and permeated several avenues of current research. This book examines the possible role of cytokines in mental depression, based on recent clinical and experimental data, and constitutes the first attempt to make a synthesis between the exciting new developments in cytokine research and their implications for the pathophysiology of mental disorders.

Inhalt
Depression and Immunity.- Immune Correlates of Depression.- Major Depression and Activation of The Inflammatory Response System.- Cytokine Production in Depressed Patients.- Indicators of Immune Activation in Depressed Patients.- Brain Effects on Cytokines.- Mood and Cognitive Disorders in Cancer Patients Receiving Cytokine Therapy.- Mechanisms of the Behavioural Effects of Cytokines.- Effects of Cytokines on Glucocorticoid Receptor Expression And Function.- Effects of Cytokines on Cerebral Neurotransmission.- Inflammation and Brain Function under Basal Conditions and During Long-Term Elevation of Brain Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Levels.- Effects of Stress on Cytokine Production and Actions.- Dynamic Regulation of Proinflammatory Cytokines.- Cross-Sensitization Between Immune And Non-Immune Stressors.- Effects of Cytokines and Cytokine Antagonists in Animal Models of Depression.- Anhedonic and Anxiogenic Effects of Cytokine Exposure.- Stress, Learned Helplessness, and Brain Interleukin-1?.- Stress, Depression, and The Role of Cytokines.- Effects of Antidepressants Cytokine Production and Action.- Is There Evidence for an Effect of Antidepressant Drugs on Immune Function?.- Cytokines, Depression Due to A General Medical Condition, and Antidepressant Drugs.- Cytokines, Stress, and Depression.