Democratic Defence as Normal Politics

Populist parties in Europe attract many more votes than they did just a few
decades ago and are now much more likely to govern. They have also become key
players in the international sphere. At the same time, the relationship between
democracy and populism is subject to substantial scholarly and public debate.
This raises questions about opposition to this controversial set of political
actors: do opponents favour the use of rights-restricting and
exclusionary repertoires typical of 'militant democracy' responses to anti-
democratic or extremist parties? Or do opponents favour the ordinary, persuasive
and sometimes inclusive strategies more typical of the daily conduct of liberal
democratic politics? To what extent is opposition conceived of as democratic
defence? How do strategies vary among countries and in relation to different
types of populist parties? How do international and transnational actors respond?
Addressing these questions, the book presents new research mapping opposition
to the Hungarian Civic Alliance (Fidesz), Law and Justice in Poland, Alternative for
Germany, League and Five Start Movement in Italy, Podemos and Vox in Spain,
the Sweden Democrats and the Danish People's Party. It argues that opposition
to populist parties in contemporary Europe is, in most cases, best conceived of as
democratic defence as normal politics. That is, while there is no direct link
between populism and a decline in democratic quality, critical claims justifying
acts of opposition often problematise populist parties as threats to
liberal democratic principles and values. At the same time, opponents are
more likely to respond to populist parties using the repertoires of normal
politics or strategies typically employed against less controversial
groupings than the exceptional, rights-restricting instruments typically used
against extremists. The case of Alternative for Germany, in which exceptional
politics continues to guide much opposition, remains a case apart.

Claims that contemporary opposition to populist parties in Europe is more often than not 'normal' politics Seeks to understand opposition to populist parties beyond 'militant democracy' and 'democratic defence' Uses data from national newspapers on forms of opposition used to oppose a mix of governing and opposition

Autorentext

Angela K. Bourne is Professor (with Special Responsibilities) at Roskilde University. Her other publications include Responding to Populist Parties in Europe (2023, Oxford University Press) and Democratic Dilemmas: Why Democracies Ban Political Parties (2018, Routledge).

Klappentext

Populist parties in Europe attract many more votes than they did just a few decades ago and are now much more likely to govern. They have also become key players in the international sphere. At the same time, the relationship between democracy and populism is subject to substantial scholarly and public debate. This raises questions about opposition to this controversial set of political actors: do opponents favour the use of rights-restricting and exclusionary repertoires typical of 'militant democracy' responses to anti- democratic or extremist parties? Or do opponents favour the ordinary, persuasive and sometimes inclusive strategies more typical of the daily conduct of liberal democratic politics? To what extent is opposition conceived of as democratic defence? How do strategies vary among countries and in relation to different types of populist parties? How do international and transnational actors respond? Addressing these questions, the book presents new research mapping opposition to the Hungarian Civic Alliance (Fidesz), Law and Justice in Poland, Alternative for Germany, League and Five Start Movement in Italy, Podemos and Vox in Spain, the Sweden Democrats and the Danish People's Party. It argues that opposition to populist parties in contemporary Europe is, in most cases, best conceived of as democratic defence as normal politics. That is, while there is no direct link between populism and a decline in democratic quality, critical claims justifying acts of opposition often problematise populist parties as threats to liberal democratic principles and values. At the same time, opponents are more likely to respond to populist parties using the repertoires of normal politics - or strategies typically employed against less controversial groupings - than the exceptional, rights-restricting instruments typically used against extremists. The case of Alternative for Germany, in which exceptional politics continues to guide much opposition, remains a case apart.

Inhalt

Introduction. Populism and Democratic Defence in Europe (Angela Bourne).- Chapter 1. Between Populism and Democracy: Politics, Polity and Policy (Tore Vincents Olsen).- Chapter 2. Methods of Mapping Initiatives Opposing Populist Parties (Angela Bourne).- Chapter 3. Patterns and Models of Opposition to Populist Parties in Multilevel Europe (Angela Bourne). .- Chapter 4. Germany: Adapted militancy model (Benedicte Laumond).- Chapter 5. Denmark: Political competition model (Mathias Holst Nicholaisen).- Chapter 6. Italy: Differentiated, mixed model of political tolerance (Francesco Campo).- Chapter 7. Spain: A symmetrical mixed model of political tolerance (Angela Bourne and Francesco Campo).- Chapter 8. Hungary: 'Pincer movement' model of opposition (Franciszek Tyszka).- Conclusion: How to evaluate effectiveness of opposition to populist parties (Angela Bourne).