Discrete Optimization in Architecture

This book presents three projects that demonstrate the fundamental problems of architectural design and urban composition the layout design, evaluation and optimization. Part I describes the functional layout design of a residential building, and an evaluation of the quality of a town square (plaza).

The algorithm for the functional layout design is based on backtracking using a constraint satisfaction approach combined with coarse grid discretization. The algorithm for the town square evaluation is based on geometrical properties derived directly from its plan.

Part II introduces a crowd-simulation application for the analysis of escape routes on floor plans, and optimization of a floor plan for smooth crowd flow. The algorithms presented employ agent-based modeling and cellular automata.

Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras

Autorentext

Dr. Machi Zawidzki's doctoral research focused on various optimization methods based on CI for the fundamental problems of the architectural design: Functionality, Structure and Aesthetics. His research interests are in
designing built environment, especially in ergonomics and architectural design.

Inhalt

Quantization in Architecture & Urban Design:

1. Tessellation of space
   1.1 Traditional grid/guideline systems (before the computer era)
   1.1.1 Architecture
   1.1.2 Urban Design

   1.2 Modern (of the computer era) grid systems
   1.2.1 "Collateral" systems, that is, derived from existing image pixelation
   1.2.2. Space discretization serving optimization
   1.2.3 Novel architectonic grid systems
   1.2.3.1 Fine grid ("one cell = one agent")
   1.2.3.1.1 Agent based modeling for crowd simulation
   1.2.3.1.2 Simulation in regular tessellations: Square, Triangular
   & Hexagonal
   1.2.3.2 Coarse grid ("cell side = minimal corridor width" )

2. Discretization of Time
   2.1 The role of time in architectural (and urban design?)
   2.1.1 Crowd simulations
   2.1.2 Daylight simulations

3. Module as a building component
   3.1 Definition of a modular system and an overview of existing modular systems
   3.2. Principles of two novel modular systems: Pipe-Z (PZ) & Truss-Z (TZ)
   3.2.1 Deployability of PZ & TZ

4. Bringing it all together: Overview of the cellular automaton (CA) shading as a system with discrete time
   & space and realized with congruent modules.
   4.1 Building Envelope and Daylighting
   4.2 Why cellular automata (CA) to drive shading of building envelopes?
   4.3 One-dimensional CA applied on surfaces
   4.3.1 Various CA in square grid
   4.3.2 Other regular tessellations: hexagonal and triangular
   4.3.3 Rotating polarized film shading system
   4.4 Two-dimensional CA on surfaces
   4.4.1 Triangular CA
   4.4.2 CA on triangulated free-form surfaces
   4.5 Application of evolutionary algorithms for optimization of CA shading
   4.6 Prototypes