Environment and Ecology in the Long Nineteenth-Century

This first volume includes scientific sources that were foundational in the professionalization of science and in the development and dissemination of scientific thinking as it moved towards evolutionary thought, including emerging ideas in biology, botany, zoology, anatomy, natural theology, and geology.

Autorentext

Dr Mark Frost, Senior Lecturer in English Literature, University of Portsmouth, UK

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Vol I: Scientific and Professional Perspectives on Environment, 1789 1858

General Introduction

Introduction to Volume I

Part 1. Precursors

1. John Evelyn, Fumifugium: or, The Inconvenience of the Aer and Smoke of London Dissipated. Together With some Remedies humbly proposed by J.E. Esq.; To His Sacred Majestie, And To the Parliament now Assembled (London: Gabriel Bedel, and Thomas Collins, 1772 [1661]).

2. John Evelyn, Sylva; or a Discourse of Forest-Trees and the Propagation of Timber in His Majesty s Dominions (London: J. Walthoe, 1729 [1664]).

3. John Ray The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Work of Creation, The Seventh Edition, Corrected (London: William Innys, 1717 [1691]).

4. Robert Hooke, A General Scheme, or Idea of the Present State of Natural Philosophy (London: Royal Society, 1705).

5. Linnaeus (Linne, Carl Von), Lachesis Lapponica, or a Tour in Lapland, ed. James Edward Smith, Trans. Charles Troilius (London: Richard Taylor and Co, 1811). (First published as Flora Lapponica, Amsterdam, 1737).

6. Georges Louis de Buffon, Buffon s Natural History: A Theory of the Earth, A General History of Man, of the Brute Creation, and of Vegetables, Minerals, & c. & c., From the French, with Notes by the Translator, in Ten Volumes, ed. and trans. William Smith Barr, Vol VI (London: S. D. Symonds, 1797 [1756]).

7. Emmerich de Vattel, The Law of Nations, or Principles of Natural Law, Applied to the Conduct and Affairs of Nations and Sovereigns: A Work Tending to Display the True Interest of Powers (Philadelphia: P.H. Nicklin & T. Johnson, 1835) (first published in French, 1758, in English 1760).

8. John Bruckner, A Philosophical Survey of the Animal Creation, an Essay. trans. from the French (London: S. Highley, 1791).

Part 2. Natural Theology and the Great Chain of Being

9. William Smellie, The Philosophy of Natural History (Edinburgh, 1791).

10. Thomas Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Population, as it Affects the Future Improvement of Society with Remarks on the Speculations of Mr Godwin, M. Condorcet, and Other Writers (London: J. Johnson, 1798).

11. Natural Theology; or, Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity, Collected From the Appearances of Nature, 2nd ed. (London: R. Paulder, 1802).

12. Peter Mark Roget, Animal and Vegetable Physiology considered with reference to Natural Theology, Treatise 5 (2 vols.) in The Bridgewater Treatises, 3rd ed. (London: William Pickering, 1834).

13. Adam Sedgwick, On the Studies of the University, 2nd ed. (Cambridge: Pitt Press, 1834).

14. Henry Cole, Popular Geology Subversive of Divine Revelation! A Letter to the Rev. Adam Sedgwick, Woodwardian Professor of Geology in the University of Cambridge, Being a Scriptural Refutation of the Geological Positions and Doctrines Promulgated in his Lately Published Commencement Sermon, Preached in the University of Cambridge, 1832 (London: Hatchard and Son, 1834).

15. William Buckland, Geology and Minerology with Reference to Natural Theology, Treatise 6 in The Bridgewater Treatises (London: William Pickering, 1837 [1836]).

16. John Ruskin, Letters Addressed to a College Friend 1840 1845 (1894).

17. Edward Hitchcock, The Religion of Geology and its Connected Sciences (Boston: Phillips, Samson, and Co., 1854 [1851]).

18. Thomas Ewbank, The World a Workshop; or, the Physical Relationship of Man to the Earth (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1855).

Part 3. Theology

19. James Hutton, Abstract of a dissertation read in the Royal Society of Edinburgh, upon the seventh of March, and fourth of April, MDCCLXXXV, Concerning the System of the Earth, Its Duration, and Stability, (Edinburgh, 1785).

20. James Hutton, `Theory of the Earth; or an investigation of the laws observable in the composition, dissolution, and restoration of land upon the Globe , Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1, 2, 209 304.

21. Baron Georges Cuvier, Essay on the Theory of the Earth (Paris, 1813).

22 Sir Everard Home, `Some Account of the fossil Remains of an Animal more nearly allied to Fishes than any of the other Classes of Animals (1814).

23. William Smith, Strata Identified by Organized Fossils (London: W. Arding, 1816).

24. W.D. Conybeare, `On the Discovery of an almost perfect Skeleton of the Plesiosaurus , Transactions of the Geological Society of London, 1823.

25. Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology, Being an Attempt to Explain the Former Changes of the Earth s Surface, By Reference to Causes Now in Operation, 3 vols (London: John Murray, 1830 3), **Vol 1 (1830), Vol 2 (1832), Vol. 3 (1833).

26. Etheldred Benett, A Catalogue of the Organic Remains of the County of Wilts (Warminster: J.L. Vardy, 1831).

27. William Buckland, Geology and Minerology with Reference to Natural Theology, Treatise 6 in The Bridgewater Treatises (London: William Pickering, 1837 [1836]).

28. Roderick Murchison, The Silurian System (1839)

29. Mary Anning, letter to Magazine of Natural History 3 (1839), 605.

30. Gideon Mantell, On the Pelorosaurus; An Undescribed Gigantic Terrestrial Reptile Whose Remains are Associated with those of the Iguanodon and other Saurians in the Strata of Tilgate Forest, In Sussex (London: R. and J. E. Taylor, Red Lion Court, 1850).

31. Philip Gosse, Creation (Omphalos): an Attempt to Untie the Geological Knot (London: J. Van Voorst, 1857).

32. Hugh Miller, Testimony of the Rocks or Geology in its Bearing on the Two Theologies, Natural & Revealed (Edinburgh: Thomas Constable & Co., 1857).

Part 4. Comparative Anatomy

33. Xavier Bichat, General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, trans. George Hayward, vols., Vol. 1 (Boston: Richardson and Lord, 1822 [first published in French, 1801]).

34. Baron Georges Cuvier, Lectures on Comparative Anatomy, Vol. 1. On the Organs of Motion, trans. William Ross (London: T. N. Longman and O. Rees, 1802 [first published in French, 1800]).

35. Baron Georges Cuvier, Essay on the Theory of the Earth (Paris, 1813).

36. Baron Georges Cuvier, The Animal Kingdom, Arranged after its Organisation, Forming a Natural History of Animals, and An Introduction to Comparative Anatomy, A New Edition with additions by W. B. Carpenter (London: M. S. Orr and Co, 1851 [first published in French, 1817]).

37. [Richard Owen], `Report on British fossil reptiles. Part II. , Report of the Eleventh Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science; Held at Plymouth in July 1841: 60 204 (1841).

38. Richard Owen, Description of the Skeleton of an Extinct Gigantic Sloth, Mylodon Robustus, with Observations on the Osteology, Natural Affinities, and Probable Habits of the Megatherioid Quadrupeds in General (London: John Van Voorst, 1842).

39. Richard Owen, Lectures on the Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of the Vertebrate Animals, Delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1844 and 1846, Part I. Fishes (London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longman, 1846).

40. Richard Owen, On the Nature of Limbs: A Discourse Delivered on Friday, February 9 at an Evening Meeting of the Royal Institution of Great Britain (London: John Van Voorst, 1849).

41. Louis Agassiz, Twelve Lectures on Comparative Anatomy Delivered Before the Lowell Institute in Boston, December and January 1848 9, enlarged edition (Boston: Redding & Co., 1849).

Part 5. Botany

42. William Curtis, Flora Londinensis, 6 vols, Vol. 1 (London: B. White, 1777).

43. Gilbert White, *The Natural History and Anti…