Forced Migration across Mexico

This book analyses the different ways in which forced migration comes together with organized violence in the Americas, focusing specifically on the migration corridor from Central America, through Mexico and on to the USA.

This book analyzes the different ways in which forced migration comes together with organized violence in the Americas, focusing specifically on the migration corridor from Central America, through Mexico and on to the United States.

No matter their starting point, most South and Central American migrants to the United States must eventually traverse Mexico, and often many other borders beforehand, to reach their destination. As border controls tighten, for many migrants turning back is not a possibility, or something they desire. And so, when faced with hardening policies, migrants are often forced into situations of increased violence and precarity, without a shift in their ultimate objective. This book analyzes the complex social situations of everyday violence, and increasingly aggressive border controls, which face migrants in Mexico, as well as their exposure to a different kind of violence during their migration trajectory through the criminal actors such as gangs, cartels, and corrupt law enforcements that seek to make a profit from them. The book takes a critical approach on migration policies and on the externalization of borders by analyzing their effects on the trajectories and experiences of migrants themselves. It shows that the more migrants' opportunities and rights during transit are hindered, the more they are at risk of exposure to these actors.

Foregrounding the voices of migrants, this book offers fresh insights into debates surrounding migration, politics, international relations, and anthropology in the Americas.

Autorentext

Ximena Alba Villalever is an anthropologist, researcher, and professor in the Institute for Latin American Studies of the Freie Universität Berlin, where she is a coordinator of the Gender Studies profile of the Master's program. Her research has focused on migration processes with a particular interest on gender, labor, inequality, globalization, and violence.

Stephanie Schütze is Professor for Cultural and Social Anthropology with a specialization in gender and migration studies at the Lateinamerika-Institut of Freie Universität Berlin. She has conducted research on political culture, social movements, migration, and gender relations in diverse contexts and regions in Mexico, the United States, and Brazil.

Ludger Pries held Chair of Sociology and is now Senior Professor at the Department of Social Science of Ruhr-University Bochum. He had longer teaching and research stays in Brazil, Mexico, Spain, and the United States. Fields of research are (international comparative) sociology of migration, work and organizations, life-course research, and transnationalism.

Oscar Calderón Morillón is Research Professor at the Faculty of Political and Social Sciences of the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. His lines of research are labor studies and migration processes in the contexts of exclusion and vulnerability.

Inhalt

Table of contents

Chapter 1: Introduction: Approaches to organized violence and forced migration in transit through Mexico
Ximena Alba Villalever, Stephanie Schütze, Ludger Pries, and Oscar Calderón Morillón

Part I - The effects of violence and border regimes on migration processes

Chapter 2: Violence and Central American migrants on Mexico's southern border
Martha Luz Rojas-Wiesner

Chapter 3: Entanglement of violences: Doubly forced migrants transiting across the Americas
Soledad Álvarez Velasco and Bruno Miranda

Chapter 4: Externalization, violence, and migrants' lengthy wait at Mexico's northern border
M. Dolores París-Pombo

Part II - Forced migrants' experiences with organized violence

Chapter 5: Investigating in-transit migration through Mexico within the context of violence and the pandemic
Oscar Calderón Morillón, Amir Estrada, Marlene Rodríguez, Axel Ortiz, Karla Gutiérrez, Estefanía Gutiérrez, Aranza Climaco, Antonio Amat, Alan Rodríguez, Javier Solís, and Eusebio Moto

Chapter 6: Forced migration and organized violence between the Northern Triangle of Central America and Mexico: Evidence from a 2020 survey
Ludger Pries, Berna afak Zülfikar Savci, Ximena Alba Villalever, and Oscar Calderón Morillón

Chapter 7: Caravanas migrantes as counter-strategies against violence and (im)mobility
Ximena Alba Villalever and Stephanie Schütze

Chapter 8: Ties along the arterial border in Mexico: Groups, institutions, and information
Alejandra Díaz de León and John Doering-White

Part III - Gender and violence in migration trajectories

Chapter 9: Gendered patterns of mobility and access to refugee protection of Central American migrants and refugees in Mexico
Susanne Willers

Chapter 10: Organized violence in life histories of Central American migrant women
Melanie Nayeli Wieschalla

Chapter 11: Waiting as violence: The interactions of gender and waiting mechanisms in the asylum systems of the United States and Mexico
Pia Berghoff and Lya Cuéllar