GDF - Green Density Factor and GCF - Green Cooling Factor

The GDF and GCF are two factors invented and designed by German Architect and Developer Florian Betzler. They demonstrate the possibilities to cool the microclimates of hot cities and let estates function as cooling units within an overheated climate for any city, starting from a small scale and ending with megacities. The GDF and GCF emphasize the potentials of plants as a generally required implementation into future city planning and individual architecture, aiming towards a clean, healthy, cool and beautiful urban habitat.

Autorentext

Florian Betzler was born in Hamburg and is an architect, owner and CEO of an architecture bureau in Hamburg. He holds the title of Diploma engineer of Architecture (University of Applied Science Hamburg, Germany) and a Master of Science (University for Applied Science Wismar, Germany).He has been working in the fast-growing field of vegetated buildings and green architecture for more than a decade and has been international teacher and visiting professor in Thailand, India and China.

Inhalt

Zusammenfassung
Abstract
Content
Abbreviations
List of tables
List of figures

1. Introduction
   a. Human impact on land cover and climate
   i. Human land cover change
   ii. Altered water cycle and climate impact
   iii. Trends of population growth
   iv. Trend of urbanization
   v. Urban Heat Island effect for cities
   vi. Energy map
   vii. Preliminary conclusion
   b. Cooling effects of roofs and façades of green building
   i. Water evapotranspiration of plants
   ii. Cooling effects of vegetated buildings
   iii. Types of vegetated facades and roofs
   c. Vegetated buildings- Current state of research
   i. Green Plot Ratio, Asia
   ii. Biotope Area Factor, Berlin, Germany
   iii. Seattle Green Factor, Seattle, United States
   iv. Urban Neighbourhood Green Index, Delhi, India
   v. Green Roof Bylaw, Toronto, Canada
   vi. Green volume number, Hamburg
   vii. Preliminary conclusion
2. Green buildings, previous projects & motivation
   a. Green buildings world-wide
   b. Previous projects (Betzler) & motivation
   i. DESY research centre, Hamburg, Germany
   ii. Simon-von-Utrecht-Straße, Hamburg, Germany
   c. Preliminary conclusion
   d. Research gaps and aim of this thesis
3. Introduction and application of GDF and GCF
   a. Definition of the GDF and GCF factors
   i. The Green Density Factor (GDF)
   ii. The green cooling factor (GCF)
   iii. Evapotranspiration energy (EVE)
   iv. Amount of water evapotranspiration
   b. Calculation examples for the GCF formula
   i. Using all the available rain
   ii. An old building with HVAC of 180 kWh/m2
   c. Description case studies
   i. Introduction Hamburg and Hong Kong
   ii. Modell buildings
   iii. Heating, Cooling and Ventilation energy of buildings
4. Results of case studies and discussion
   a. Green Density Factor (GDF) of the model buildings
   b. Green Cooling Factor (GCF) of the model buildings
   c. Water tanks
   d. Excursion for discussion: Considering the whole city space
   i. Hamburg
   ii. Hong Kong
   e. Example implementation of GDF/GCF into the "Hafen City Hamburg" plan
   f. Legal Implementation of GDF/GCF into the public building codes and laws based on the example of Germany
5. Summary and Conclusion
6. Literature