Geology of India

Atmospheric icing occurs when water droplets in the atmosphere freeze on objects they contact. This is very dangerous on aircraft, as the built-up ice changes the aerodynamics of the flight surfaces, which can increase the risk of a subsequent stalling of the airfoil. Not all water freezes at 0°C or 32°F. Liquid water below this temperature is called supercooled, and such supercooled droplets cause the icing problems on aircraft. Below -20°C, icing is rare because clouds at these temperatures usually consist of ice particles rather than supercooled water droplets. Below -40oC it is generally accepted that icing on aircraft is negligible. Icing also occurs on towers, wind turbines, boats, oil rigs, trees and other objects exposed to low temperatures and water droplets.

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The geology of India started with the geological evolution of rest of the Earth i.e. 4.57 Ga. India has a diverse geology. Different regions in India contain rocks of all types belonging to different geologic periods. Some of the rocks are badly deformed and transmuted while others are recently deposited alluvium that has yet to undergo diagenesis. Mineral deposits of great variety are found in the subcontinent in huge quantity. Even the fossil records are impressive in which stromatolites, invertebrates, vertebrates and plant fossils are included. India's geographical land area can be classified into- Deccan trap , Gondwana and Vindhyan.