Handbook of GC-MS

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Autorentext
Hans-Joachim Hübschmann graduated as Certified Food Chemist from the Technical University in Berlin, Germany, working in the field of LC-MS residue analysis of anabolic agents and pesticides in food. He started his career in diagnostics and medical analytical instruments before working for a number of German companies in gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. In 2002 he joined Thermo Fisher Scientific in Bremen, Germany, and held different international positions including Channel Manager for inorganic and isotope ratio mass spectrometry, Product Manager for high resolution GC-MS and GC-MS/MS, setting up the well-known POPs Center of Excellence in Bremen, Germany. From his role as the Technology Manager for GC-MS in Austin, Texas, USA, he moved to Thermo Asia operations in Singapore as the Technology Director for GC & GC-MS. In 2015 he established the independent consulting agency HANS Analytical Solutions for the development of automated sample preparation workflows. In his current capacity he is located in Osaka, Japan, as the Senior Solutions Manager at CTC Analytics, a company supporting and developing front-end automation in gas and liquid chromatography for innovative sample preparation solutions.

Klappentext

Essential handbook for all analytical scientists and laboratories using GC-MS, covering both the fundamental and practical aspects of this analytical technique From essentials to applications, Handbook of GC-MS:Fundamentals and Applications is a comprehensive reference and training compendium on the popular and evolving technique of GC-MS (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry), guiding readers through the most used sample preparation methods for GC-MS and method development, with many practical indications supporting the design of optimized analyses, and providing practical approaches to data processing, compound identification, and quantification. The text details both a solid background and principles of operation, as well as a broad range of current real-life examples taken from laboratories in environmental, food, pharmaceutical, and forensic analysis. It also features a glossary of more than 300 terms, and a comprehensive substance index that facilitates finding a specific application. This timely Fourth Edition covers the latest developments in automated sample preparation techniques and instrumentation, also with the focus on Green Analytical Chemistry. This comprehensive handbook presents GC-MS applications in various fields, with coverage of the well-known QuEChERS pesticide extraction, solid phase extraction and solid phase microextraction, static and dynamic headspace analysis, liquid/liquid extraction, outgassing, and thermal desorption, including pyrolysis. Single and triple quadrupole, Orbitrap, time-of-flight, magnetic sector, ion mobility and isotope ratio MS are discussed with their advantages and limitations. Sample topics covered in Handbook of GC-MS: Fundamentals and Applications include:

• Sample inlet systems for hot needle, liquid band injection with large volume and LC-GC application, carrier gas saving, choice of columns, septa and injection port liners
• Optimization of the GC method with carrier gas flow, effect of oven temperature ramp rates, fast GC, and multi-dimensional gas chromatography
• Ionization processes, electron and chemical ionization, resolution power in mass spectrometry, reading and interpreting mass spectra
• Extraction of mass spectra, manual spectrum subtraction, deconvolution of mass spectra, retention index, and library search of mass spectra
• Typical mass spectra of common analyte groups like pesticides, persistent organic pollutants, drugs; explosives; and of frequently occurring impurities
• Quantification using external and internal standards and standard addition methods. Determination of the limits of detection and quantitation.

• Applications covering food, water, flavor and fragrance, metabolomics, forensic and material analysis The Handbook of GC-MS: Fundamentals and Applications is an essential reference for the daily GC-MS practice and application of new methods. It serves as an excellent introduction for newcomers as well as an educational resource about this analytical technique. Analytical chemists, chromatographers, environmental chemists, food chemists, and pharmaceutical chemists will find it of high practical use.

  Inhalt
  Table of contents
  1 Introduction
  1.1 The Historical Development of the GC-MS Technique
  2 Fundamentals
  2.1 Sample Preparation
  Solid Phase Extraction
  Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction
  Micro Solid Phase Extraction
  Solid Phase Microextraction
  Pressurized Liquid Extraction
  In-Cell Sample Preparation
  In-Cell Moisture Removal
  In-Cell Hydrocarbon Oxidation
  Headspace Techniques
  Static Headspace Technique
  Dynamic Headspace Technique (Purge and Trap)
  Coupling of Purge and Trap with GC-MS Systems
  Headspace versus Purge and Trap
  Adsorptive Enrichment and Thermal Desorption
  Sample Collection
  Calibration
  Desorption
  Pyrolysis
  Foil Pyrolysis
  Curie Point Pyrolysis
  Micro-furnace Pyrolysis
  Thermal Extraction (Outgassing)
  QuEChERS Sample Preparation
  2.2 Gas Chromatography
  Sample Inlet Systems
  Carrier Gas Regulation
  Forward Pressure Regulation
  Back Pressure Regulation
  Carrier Gas Saving
  Injection Port Septa
  Septum Purge
  The MicroSeal Septum
  Injection Port Liner
  Split Injection
  Splitless Injection
  Liner Activity and Deactivation
  Liner Geometry
  Vaporizing Sample Injection Techniques
  Hot Needle Thermo Spray Injection Technique
  Cold Needle Liquid Band Injection Technique
  Filled Needle Injections
  Split Injection
  Splitless Injection (Total Sample Transfer)
  Concurrent Solvent Recondensation
  Concurrent Backflush
  Temperature Programmable Injection Systems
  The PTV Cold Injection System
  The PTV Injection Procedures
  The Multimode Injector
  Cryofocussing
  PTV Cryo-Enrichment
  Non-Vaporizing injection Techniques
  On-Column Injection update
  PTV On-Column Injection
  LC-GC Liquid transfer
  Capillary Column Choice and Separation Optimization
  Choice of Carrier Gas
  Sample Capacity
  Internal Diameter
  Film Thickness
  Column Length
  Setting the Carrier Gas Flow
  Properties of Column Phases
  Properties of Ionic Liquid Phases
  Chromatography Parameters
  The Chromatogram and Its Meaning
  Capacity Factor k'
  Chromatographic Resolution
  Factors Affecting the Resolution
  Maximum Sample Capacity
  Peak Symmetry
  Optimization of Carrier Gas Flow
  Effect of Oven Temperature Ramp Rate
  Fast Gas Chromatography Solutions
  Fast Chromatography
  Ultra-Fast Chromatography
  Multi-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
  Heart Cutting
  Comprehensive GC - GC×GC
  Modulation
  Detection
  Data Handling
  Moving Capillary Stream Switching
  Classical Detectors for GC-MS Systems
  Flame-Ionization Detector (FID)
  Nitrogen-Phosphorous Detector (NPD)
  Electron Capture Detector (ECD)
  Photo Ionization Detector (PID)
  Electrolytical Conductivity Detector (ELCD)
  Flamephotometric Detector (FPD)
  Pulsed Discharge Detector (PDD) u
  Olfactometry
  Classical Detectors Parallel to the Mass Spectrometer re
  Microchannel Devices
  2.3 Mass Spectrometry
  Ionization Processes
  Reading Mass Spectra
  Electron Ionization
  Chemical Ionization
  Resolution Power
  Resolving Power and Resolution in Mass Spectrometry
  Unit Mass Resolution
  High Mass Resolution
  The Orbitrap Analyser
  High and Low Mass Resolution in the Case of Dioxin Analysis
  Time-of-Flight Analyser
  Ion Mobility
  Isotope Ratio Monitoring GC-MS
  The Principles of Isotope Ratio Monitoring
  Notations in irm-GC-MS
  Isotop…