Impact of Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) on Rural Communities' Livelihoods

30 years of Indochinese War resulted in 580,000 bombing missions over Laos dropped in excess of two million tons of ordnance, which gives Lao PDR the distinction of being one of the most heavily bombed nations, per capital, in the world. Around 30% of dropped ordnance did not explode (Khamvongsa & Russell, 2009; Shoemaker, 1994). Unexploded ordnance (UXO) continues killing and injuring people more than 30 years (Sisawath, 2006). The presence of UXO has affected 15 of 18 administrative areas (UXO Lao), which 9 provinces are considered to be the most heavily UXO contaminated areas (Sisawath, 2006). UXO contamination has significant effects on ability of the population to maintain suitable livelihoods and has caused many accidents in a these provinces Laos (Shoemaker, 1994).Through this research in particular location, it gives readers better understanding from UXO's impact on livelihoods, of coping strategy used for handling with difficulties and on how national policy around UXO could be improved to address these difficulties and strengthen coping mechanisms.

Autorentext

I was born in small village in remote area in Laos,Bachelor of Civil Engineering (1999-2004)and M.sc of Environmental Engineering and Management (2006-2009) from National University of Laos and Master of Development Studies from Victoria University of Wellington.Seven years of experience in rural development projects with INGOs on livelihoods,LANN.