Jacques Charles

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Jacques Alexandre César Charles was a French inventor, scientist, mathematician, and balloonist. Charles and the Robert brothers launched the world's first (unmanned) hydrogen-filled balloon in August 1783, then in December 1783, Charles and his co-pilot Nicolas-Louis Robert ascended to a height of about 1,800 feet (550 m) in a manned balloon. Their pioneering the use of hydrogen for lift led to this type of balloon being named a Charlià re (as opposed to a Montgolfià re which used hot air). Charles's law, describing how gases tend to expand when heated, was formulated by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac in 1802, but he credited it to unpublished work by Jacques Charles. Charles was elected to the Académie des Sciences, in 1793, and subsequently became professor of physics at the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers.