Light Pollution as a New Risk Factor for Human Breast and Prostate Cancers

Humans are diurnal organisms whose biological clock and temporal organization depend on natural light/dark cycles. Changes in the photoperiod are a signal for seasonal acclimatization of physiological and immune systems as well as behavioral patterns. The invention of electrical light bulbs created more opportunities for work and leisure. However, exposure to artificial light at night (LAN) affects our biological clock, and suppresses pineal melatonin (MLT) production. Among its other properties, MLT is an antioncogenic agent, and therefore its suppression increases the risks of developing breast and prostate cancers (BC&PC). To the best of our knowledge, this book is the first to address the linkage between light pollution and BC&PC in humans. It explains several state-of-the-art theories, linking light pollution with BC&PC. It also illustrates research hypotheses about health effects of light pollution using the results of animal models and population-based studies.

The proposed book is the first book to address the linkage between exposure to artificial light at night (LAN), suppression of pineal melatonin production and breast & prostate cancers (BC&PC) in humans It introduces and explains several modern state-of-the-art theories, linking light pollution with BC&PC, which incidence rates have greatly increased in recent years, especially in developed countries This book also illustrates research hypotheses about health effects of light pollution, mainly that of short wave length, by results of animal models and population-based studies

Inhalt

Preface.- Introduction.- PART 1: ARTIFICIAL LIGHT AND HUMAN TEMPORAL ORGANIZATION.- Artificial light and its physicochemical properties (by Fabio Falchi).- Light and dark cycles as a basis of temporal organization.- The biological clock and its entrainment by photoperiod.- LAN exposure and its potential effects on daily rhythms and seasonal disruptions.- Melatonin (MLT) hormone of darkness and a jack of all traits.- PART II: LIGHT POLLUTION, ITS KNOWN HEALTH EFFECTS AND IMPACT ON ENERGY CONSERVATION.- Introduction and spread of artificial illumination a human history retrospective.- Biological definition of light pollution.- Light pollution as a general stressor.- The effects of light pollution on animal rhythms and ecology.- Light pollution and hormone-dependent cancers: summary of accumulated empirical evidence.- **PART III: LIGHT POLLUTION AND ITS POTENTIAL LINKS TO BREAST AND PROSTATE CANCERS.-** Geographic patterns of breast and prostate cancers (BC&PC) worldwide.- Light pollution and its association with breast and prostate cancers (BC&PC) in population-level studies.- Selected methodological issues of Light-at-Night (LAN) Breast and Prostate Cancers (BC&PC) research.- Dark-less world what is next? (Conclusions and prospects for future research).- BIBLIOGRAPHY.- ADDITIONAL READING.