Menopause associated disorders: description and mechanisms

The symptoms of menopause can be upsetting, especially as they occur at a time when women have essential roles in society, within the family, and at the workplace. Hormonal fluctuations that begin during the menopausal transition affect many biological systems.Accordingly, the signs and symptoms of menopause include: metabolic disorders; central nervous system-related disorders; cardiovascular and musculoskeletal changes, urogenital and skin atrophy. The physiological basis of these manifestations is emerging as complex and related to declining estrogen and progesterone and rising follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

Autorentext

Mona Anwar Mohamed El-Banna, Professor at the National Research Centre, advances medical biochemistry through research and teaching. Her work focuses on disease mechanisms, metabolic disorders, and neurodegeneration, mentoring students and bridging research with clinical applications.