Pedagogy of Graft and Corruption

Graft and corruption continuously challenges social scientists as a phenomenon that seems invincible although proven to plague societies since government, as a social institution, was invented. It needs to be researched on and the results taught to future citizens. The task is daunting but also very challenging, indeed, to resist; thus, this research was conducted to confirm what the determinants of political corruption are and design a syllabus for teaching. The analysis yielded the following factors as related to political corruption. The (1) economic determinants were: level of development, economic growth, income, economic freedom, globalization, resources, trade openness and foreign direct investment; (2) political development were: federal form, democracy, press freedom, legal system, political participation, political competition and political stability; (3) social determinants: history, education, ethnicity and religion; and, (4) organizational determinants: democratic institutions, decentralization and government expenditure. Using the above as conceptual framework, a syllabus for teaching was designed. Hopefully, schools will adopt this book for political pedagogy.

Autorentext

Dr. Pedro B. Bernaldez, DPS, DBA, PhD unterrichtet derzeit an der Graduate School of Business and Management, Divine Word College, Philippinen. Edmund Seng Banares ist staatlich geprüfter Krankenpfleger und schließt sein MPA-HEDM-Studium an der Bicol University, Philippinen, ab. Er arbeitet im Ministerium für Inneres und Kommunalverwaltung in Camarines Norte, Philippinen.