Proactive vs. reactive innovation

The objective of this research is to determine which innovation approach, proactive or reactive, has better results in the competitiveness of micro and small enterprises. As a methodology, two innovation programs in Peru (Tacna Innova) and Colombia (Macondo Lab) were analyzed, each with a different approach: reactive, focused on problem solving, and proactive, based on opportunistic advantages. Both approaches to innovation have advantages and disadvantages. While the proactive approach can generate competitive anticipation and open new markets, it demands a more significant investment in research and development. On the other hand, the reactive approach can be profitable in the short term, but limit innovation capacity in the long term. In conclusion, the choice of the right orientation depends on the strategy, objectives and resources of each company. Those seeking sustainable growth should consider integrating both approaches.

Autorentext

Joaquim José Carvalho Proença tem dupla nacionalidade portuguesa e espanhola e lecciona em programas de pós-graduação. Tem um mestrado em Estratégia, Metodologias de Investigação Científica e um doutoramento em Negócios e Inovação. Foi consultor em projectos de inovação e leccionou na Europa, Portugal, Espanha, América Latina, Colômbia e Peru.