Smart Materials for Ranging Systems

The problem of determining the location of an object, which is usually called ranging, attracts at present much attention in many different areas of applications, among them in ecological and safety devices. Electromagnetic waves along with sound waves are widely used for this purpose. Familiar examples of ranging systems are radar, sonar, GPS positioning, speed meters, etc.. Most are echo-type of devices, generating a wave and interpreting its echo from the object of interest. GPS is a cooperative system, in which the receiver observes timing signals from sources at known locations, and locates itself in reference to them. Passive ranging makes use of waves generated by the object to be located that are picked up by an observer. As indicated, there are three kinds of ranging systems, successively described as echo, cooperative and passive systems. Echo ranging is by far the most common method in practice. The observer at a certain point emits a wave of some physical nature at a certain time. When the outgoing wave front strikes the object, a scattered wave front is launched, which is detected at the observer point a certain time interval later.

Modern smart materials play a key role at investigations in interdisciplinary materials sciences - chemistry, physics, biology, archaeometry, engineering and their crossing pathways - and serve to forge new links between basic and applied research

Inhalt
MAGNETIC DYNAMICS OF CO NANOSPHERES: ORIGIN OF THE ENHANCED ANISOTROPY.- NANOPARTICLES IN OXIDE GLASSES: MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDIES.- EFFECT OF MAGNETIC FIELD ON THE MAGNETIC STATE OF COPPER METABORATE.- INTRINSICALLY INHOMOGENEOUS MAGNETIC STATES IN ANTIFERROMAGNETS.- NMR STUDYOFTHE SUCCESSIVE PHASE TRANSITIONS IN CuB2O4.- MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF CUPRATE PEROVSKITES.- QUANTUM CRITICAL PHENOMENA AND THE ANOMALOUS LOW-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES OF THE U(Pt,Pd)3 SYSTEM.- THE PERIODIC ANDERSON MODEL IN THE GENERATING FUNCTIONAL APPROACH.- ORBITAL ORDERING AND PHASE SEPARATION PHENOMENA IN LIGHTLY DOPED MANGANITES.- INTERFACE AND MAGNETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF FM/AF/FM MULTILAYERS.- SQUIDBASED MAGNETIC MICROSCOPE.- FEMTOSECOND ELLIPSOMETRY: A NEW TOOL FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF HOT ELECTRON MOMENTUM RELAXATION TIMES IN METALS.- FERROMAGNETIC SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS Ni2+xMn1?x Ga.- MAGNETOSTRICTION OF MANGANITES AND COBALTITES.- STRUCTURAL STUDY OF MAGNETOSTRICTIVE SUPERCONDUCTING COMPOUNDS.