Sound Analysis and Noise Control

This book has been written to provide an intro Chapter 2 deals with the mechanism of hear duction to the fundamental concepts of sound ing and the subjective rating of sound, includ and a comprehensive coverage whereby un ing age-related and noise-induced hearing loss. wanted sound (noise) can be controlled. Al Assessment of any noise problem involves a though there are many notable textbooks which knowledge of the instrumentation available for deal primarily with the physics (or theory) of measurements, the limitations of this instru sound, and others which treat noise control in mentation, the appropriate procedures for mak a strictly practical (and sometimes even empir ing the measurements with the instrumentation, ical) manner, there are few textbooks that pro and the methods by which the measured data vide a bridging between the necessary under can be analyzed. Chapter 3 provides an up-to standing of the fundamentals of sound (its date coverage of these requirements, including generation, propagation, measurement) and the a section on one of the newest and most valu application of these fundamentals to its control. able tools in noise studies-sound intensity This book provides that link. measurement. The capability of being able to The text presents noise control primarily at measure sound intensity as compared with con the introductory level.

Klappentext

This book has been written to provide an intro­ Chapter 2 deals with the mechanism of hear­ duction to the fundamental concepts of sound ing and the subjective rating of sound, includ­ and a comprehensive coverage whereby un­ ing age-related and noise-induced hearing loss. wanted sound (noise) can be controlled. Al­ Assessment of any noise problem involves a though there are many notable textbooks which knowledge of the instrumentation available for deal primarily with the physics (or theory) of measurements, the limitations of this instru­ sound, and others which treat noise control in mentation, the appropriate procedures for mak­ a strictly practical (and sometimes even empir­ ing the measurements with the instrumentation, ical) manner, there are few textbooks that pro­ and the methods by which the measured data vide a bridging between the necessary under­ can be analyzed. Chapter 3 provides an up-to­ standing of the fundamentals of sound (its date coverage of these requirements, including generation, propagation, measurement) and the a section on one of the newest and most valu­ application of these fundamentals to its control. able tools in noise studies-sound intensity This book provides that link. measurement. The capability of being able to The text presents noise control primarily at measure sound intensity as compared with con­ the introductory level.

Inhalt
Preface.- Acknowledgments.- 1 Basics of Sound.- 1.1 Generation of Sound.- 1.2 Equations of Motion of Plane Waves.- 1.3 Velocity of Plane Waves.- 1.4 Specific Acoustic Impedance.- 1.5 Spherical Sound Waves.- 1.6 Sound Intensity.- 1.7 Levels.- 1.8 Waveform, Frequency, Pressure Change.- 1.9 The Decibel.- 1.10 Frequency Spectra of Sound.- References for Chapter 1.- 2 Mechanism of Hearing and Subjective Rating.- 2.1 Construction of the Ear.- 2.2 Functioning of the Mechanism.- 2.3 Subjective Response and Units for Rating of Noise.- 2.4 Loudness; Phons and Sones.- 2.5 Loudness of Short Duration Sounds.- 2.6 Age-Related Hearing Loss-Presbycusis.- 2.7 Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.- References for Chapter 2.- 3 Instrumentation for Noise Measurement.- 3.1 General.- 3.2 Microphones.- 3.3 Sound Level Meters.- 3.4 Weighting Curves.- 3.5 Basic Sound Level Meter System.- 3.6 Vibration Transducers.- 3.7 Frequency Analyzers and Filtering.- 3.8 Tape Recorders.- 3.9 Signal Processing.- References for Chapter 3.- 4 Sound Fields.- 4.1 Reflected Sound.- 4.2 Ideal Sound Source.- 4.3 Practical Sound Source.- 4.4 Anechoic Rooms.- 4.5 Reverberant Rooms.- 4.6 Directivity Index and Directivity Factor.- 4.7 Attenuation of Sound Pressure with Distance in a Free Field.- 4.8 Attenuation of Sound Pressure with Distance in an Enclosure.- 4.9 Propagation of Sound in Air.- 4.10 Outdoor Barriers.- 4.11 Attenuation Provided by Trees.- References for Chapter 4.- 5 Absorption, Silencers, Room Acoustics and Transmission Loss.- 5.1 Absorption.- 5.2 Dissipative, Reactive and Active Silencers.- 5.3 Behavior of Sound in Rooms.- 5.4 Sound Transmission Loss and Sound Transmission Class.- References for Chapter 5.- 6 Vibration and Vibration Control.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Equation of Motion for a System Having a SingleDegree of Freedom.- 6.3 Free Vibration without Damping.- 6.4 Free Vibration with Damping.- 6.5 Forced Vibrations without Damping.- 6.6 Transmissibility.- 6.7 Forced Vibration with Damping.- 6.8 Motion Disturbance-Single Degree of Freedom.- 6.9 Isolator Selection.- 6.10 Types of Isolators.- 6.11 A Mass Subjected to Motion in Several Degrees of Freedom-Coupled and Decoupled Modes.- 6.12 Vibration Criteria.- 6.13 Vibration Damping.- References for Chapter 6.- 7 Noise Criteria and Regulations.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Indices for Environmental Noise.- 7.3 Criteria for Indoor Noise Environment.- 7.4 Regulations of Hearing-Damage Risk in Industrythe U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Act Standards.- 7.5 Outdoor Noise Criteria.- References for Chapter 7.- 8 General Review of Noise Control and Practical Examples.- 8.1 General Review of Noise Control.- 8.2 Practical Examples of Noise Control Techniques.- 9 Noise Source Diagnosis and Case Studies.- 9.1 The Use of Sound Power Data in Source Diagnosis.- 9.2 Further Case Studies in Noise Control.- 9.3 Case Study of Noise Reduction from a Centrifugal Pump and Motor Drive in a Laboratory.- 9.4 Example of Use of Silencer and Silencing Material in Ventilation System.- 9.5 NIOSH Case Histories.- 9.6 General Texts, Handbooks, and Manuals.- Credits for Figures and Tables.- Appendix I Glossary of Acoustical Terms.- Appendix II Conversion Factors.- Appendix III Acoustical Standards Organizations and Standard Documents.- Appendix IV Useful Acoustics Periodicals.- Appendix V Guidelines for Regulatory Control of Occupational Noise Exposure and Hearing Conservation.- Appendix VI Buyer's Guide to Products for Noise and Vibration Control.- Appendix VII Dynamic Measurement Instrumentation Buyer's Guide.