Ultrathin Metal Transparent Electrodes for the Optoelectronics Industry

Transparent electrodes (TEs) are a class of materials that make it possible to bring electrical current or potentials in close proximity to optically active regions without significant loss of optical energy. However, it is a challenge to decouple the electrical and optical properties of a material, as the property of conductivity is strongly coupled to the imaginary part of the refractive index. An ideal TE has high transparency in combination with very low electrical resistivity. The main objective of the thesis was to develop TEs which can replace expensive, scarce and fragile Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), the most widely used TE material in the industry today. The thesis contains original work on ultrathin metal film (UTMF)-based TEs, which are essential elements in a wide range of optoelectronics, consumer electronics and energy devices. It presents new designs and fabrication methods and demonstrates the efficient use of UTMF-TEs in organic light emitting diodes and solar cells, achieving similar levels of efficiency to that of state-of-the-art ITO.

Nominated as an outstanding Ph.D. thesis by the ICFO Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, Spain Winner of the 2011 Photonics21 student innovation award Represents a major step forward in the direction of utilizing ultrathin metal films as transparent electrodes as an alternative to Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) Successfully demonstrates newly developed technologies in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic photovoltaics (OPV) Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras

Inhalt
Basics of Ultrathin Metal Films and Their Use as Transparent Electrodes.-Ultrathin Metal Film Transparent Electrode Incorporating a Conductive Gride.- Copper Bilayer Tranparent Electrodes.- Ultrathin Alloy Films as Transparent Electrodes.- Ag/Al:ZnO Nano-thick Bilayer Transparent Electrodes.- Ultrathing Metal Capped Al-Doped ZnO as Transparent Electrode.