Underground Pipeline Corrosion

Informationen zum Autor Mark Orazem is a Professor of the Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, USA. He has developed, in collaboration with the oil and gas industry, simulation tools for cathodic protection of pipeline networks. Professor Orazem is a Fellow of the Electrochemical Society and a former President of the International Society of Electrochemistry. Klappentext Oil, gas and other types of underground pipeline are critical components of civil infrastructure. Detecting the presence of corrosion which may cause a pipeline to fail is a major challenge. This important book reviews key research on understanding corrosion processes and methods for detecting corrosion, including magnetic flux leakage, the close interval potential survey method, the Pearson survey method and in-line inspection techniques Inhaltsverzeichnis Contributor contact details Woodhead Publishing Series in Metals and Surface Engineering Introduction References Versatile Part I: Understanding and managing corrosion processes 1. Understanding corrosion in underground pipelines: basic principles Abstract: 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Electrochemical corrosion: conventional current theory 1.3 Electrochemical corrosion: advanced theories 1.4 Other factors in corrosion 1.5 Reference cells 1.6 Corrosion processes affecting pipelines 1.7 Environmental cracking 1.8 Microbiologically influenced corrosion 1.9 Corrosion protection methods: coatings 1.10 Corrosion protection methods: cathodic protection (CP) 1.11 Conclusion 1.12 Sources of further information and advice 13 References 2. AC-induced corrosion of underground pipelines Abstract: 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The origin of alternating voltage induced in pipelines 2.3 Electrical parameters affecting the AC-corrosion process 2.4 Harmonic analysis of AC corrosion 2.5 Cathodic protection of pipelines 2.6 Analysis of AC-corrosion products 2.7 Testing AC-corrosion processes 2.8 Conclusion 2.9 References 3. Assessing the significance of corrosion in onshore oil and gas pipelines Abstract: 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Corrosion in onshore pipelines 3.3 Detecting corrosion 3.4 Preventing corrosion 3.5 Assessment of corrosion 3.6 Particular corrosion assessment methods 3.7 Particular issues in corrosion assessment 3.8 Conclusion 3.9 References 4. Numerical simulations for cathodic protection of pipelines Abstract: 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Historical perspective 4.3 Model development 4.4 Model validation 4.5 Applications 4.6 Conclusion 4.7 References 5. Corrosion processes and the use of corrosion inhibitors in managing corrosion in underground pipelines Abstract: 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Sources of corrosion in oil and gas production 5.3 Techniques used in monitoring corrosion inhibitors in oil and gas pipelines 5.4 Measuring pitting corrosion rates 5.5 The use of coupons to measure corrosion rates 5.6 Comparing different monitoring techniques 5.7 Conclusion 5.8 References 6. Types of corrosion inhibitor for managing corrosion in underground pipelines Abstract: 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Types of inhibitors 6.3 The effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors in particular corrosion environments 6.4 Criteria used in the selection of inhibitors in sour media 6.5 Mechanisms of corrosion inhibition 6.6 Types of inhibitors 6.7 Summary of corrosion inhibitors used in oil pipeline media 6.8 References Part II: Methods for detecting corrosion 7. Electromagnetic methods for detecting corrosion in underg...

Klappentext

Oil, gas and other types of underground pipeline are critical components of civil infrastructure. Detecting the presence of corrosion which may cause a pipeline to fail is a major challenge. This important book reviews key research on understanding corrosion processes and methods for detecting corrosion, including magnetic flux leakage, the close interval potential survey method, the Pearson survey method and in-line inspection techniques

Inhalt

Contributor contact details

Woodhead Publishing Series in Metals and Surface Engineering

Introduction

References

Versatile

Part I: Understanding and managing corrosion processes

1. Understanding corrosion in underground pipelines: basic principles

   Abstract:

   1.1 Introduction

   1.2 Electrochemical corrosion: conventional current theory

   1.3 Electrochemical corrosion: advanced theories

   1.4 Other factors in corrosion

   1.5 Reference cells

   1.6 Corrosion processes affecting pipelines

   1.7 Environmental cracking

   1.8 Microbiologically influenced corrosion

   1.9 Corrosion protection methods: coatings

   1.10 Corrosion protection methods: cathodic protection (CP)

   1.11 Conclusion

   1.12 Sources of further information and advice

   13 References

2. AC-induced corrosion of underground pipelines

   Abstract:

   2.1 Introduction

   2.2 The origin of alternating voltage induced in pipelines

   2.3 Electrical parameters affecting the AC-corrosion process

   2.4 Harmonic analysis of AC corrosion

   2.5 Cathodic protection of pipelines

   2.6 Analysis of AC-corrosion products

   2.7 Testing AC-corrosion processes

   2.8 Conclusion

   2.9 References

3. Assessing the significance of corrosion in onshore oil and gas pipelines

   Abstract:

   3.1 Introduction

   3.2 Corrosion in onshore pipelines

   3.3 Detecting corrosion

   3.4 Preventing corrosion

   3.5 Assessment of corrosion

   3.6 Particular corrosion assessment methods

   3.7 Particular issues in corrosion assessment

   3.8 Conclusion

   3.9 References

4. Numerical simulations for cathodic protection of pipelines

   Abstract:

   4.1 Introduction

   4.2 Historical perspective

   4.3 Model development

   4.4 Model validation

   4.5 Applications

   4.6 Conclusion

   4.7 References

5. Corrosion processes and the use of corrosion inhibitors in managing corrosion in underground pipelines

   Abstract:

   5.1 Introduction

   5.2 Sources of corrosion in oil and gas production

   5.3 Techniques used in monitoring corrosion inhibitors in oil and gas pipelines

   5.4 Measuring pitting corrosion rates

   5.5 The use of coupons to measure corrosion rates

   5.6 Comparing different monitoring techniques

   5.7 Conclusion

   5.8 References

6. Types of corrosion inhibitor for managing corrosion in underground pipelines

   Abstract:

   6.1 Introduction

   6.2 Types of inhibitors

   6.3 The effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors in particular corrosion environments

   6.4 Criteria used in the selection of inhibitors in sour media

   6.5 Mechanisms of corrosion inhibition

   6.6 Types of inhibitors

   6.7 Summary of corrosion inhibitors used in oil pipeline media

   6.8 References

   Part II: Methods for detecting corrosion

7. Electromagnetic methods for detecting corrosion in underground pipelines: magnetic flux leakage (MFL)

   Abstract:

   7.1 Introduction

   7.2 Background and definitions

   7.3 Typical inspection system capabilities

   7.4 Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) pigs

   7.5 Summary of MFL strengths and weaknesses

   7.6 Conclusion and future trends

   7.7 Sources of further information and advice

   7.8 References

8. The close interval potential survey (CIS/CIPS) method for detecting corrosion in underground pipelines

   Abstract:

   8.1 Introduction

   8.2 Equipment

   8.3 Data collection

   8.4 Conducting a CIS

   8.5 CIS data validation

   8.6 Assessing results

   8.7 Summary of CIS benefits and disadvantages

   8.8 Future trends

   8.9 References

9. The Pearson survey method for detecting corrosion in underground pipelines

   Abstract:

   9.1 Introduction

   9.2 Key principles of the Pearson survey technique

   9.3 Advantages and disadvantages over other survey techniques

   9.4 Basic equipment used for the Pearson survey

   9.5 Modern developments of the technique

   9.6 Conclusion

   9.7 References

10. In-line inspection (ILI) methods for detecting corrosion in underground pipelines

    Abstract:

    10.1 Introduction

    10.2 Pipeline flaws

    10.3 Inspection technologies and principles

    10.4 Preparing for in-line inspection

    10.5 Carrying out an ILI survey

    10.6 Analysis and interpretati…