Women, Gender, and Technosciences, 19002020

This innovative volume analyses the historical entanglement of gender, technosciences and government.

This innovative volume analyzes the historical entanglement of gender, technosciences, and government/governance.

Situated at the crossroad of women and gender studies, science and technology studies, and political sociology, this volume shows the ever accumulating gendered mechanisms that have determined the careers of scientific women and their access to power positions. It underlines on different scales-from the lab to international organizations or states-how the masculine culture of technoscientific practices has assigned women to subaltern institutional positions, while social practices of legitimization and recognition ended up granting some women access to leadership positions outside of institutions. With a broad geographic, political, and disciplinary scope, the contributors draw on a variety of new sources including interviews, private collections, and archives to examine the institutions, structures, and policies that shaped the technosciences, as well as the individuals who developed practices and environments that gained agency for themselves and their contemporaries.

This book will be of interest to students and scholars alike interested in women and gender studies, political studies, STS, history, and sociology of science and technology.

Chapters 1 and 8 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons CC-BY-SA 4.0 International license.

Autorentext

Grégory Dufaud is Professor of contemporary history at Université Polytechnique Hauts de France, France. He is a historian of twentieth century Russia who specializes in history of science. His latest book, Une histoire de la psychiatrie soviétique (2021), was awarded the Prix Jean Garrabé from the Société de l'Évolution psychiatrique.

Isabelle Lemonon Waxin, a physicist and historian of science, is an associate researcher of Cermes3 and Centre François Viete (France). Her Ph.D. dissertation La Savante des Lumières françaises (EHESS, France) has been awarded a DHST Dissertation Prize in 2021. She is an officer of the Commission on Women and Gender in History of Science, Technology and Medicine of the DHST IUHPST.

Inhalt

Part 1: Perspectives on Gender and the Government of the Technosciences

1. To "Make a fuss". Gender and Governance in the Historiography of Science and Technology

Donald L. Opitz and Brigitte Van Tiggelen

2. Construction of the Global Surveys of Physicists and Scientists (1999-2020): Gender and Leadership

Rachel Ivie, Irvy M.A. Gledhill and Silvina Ponce Dawson

Part 2: Gender and Technoscientific Policies

3. Women, Science, and Empowerment: The International Federation of University Women (1920s-1930s)

Anna Cabanel

4. Abortions, Eugenics, and Artificial Reproduction in the Soviet Union, 1920-1936

Alexei Kojevnikov and Kirill Rossiianov

5. Governing Psychiatry: The Importance of Networks for Brazilian Women Psychiatrists 1941 - 1970

Valentine Mercier and Ygor Martins

6. Women in Soviet Meteorology and Climatology: Governing Blindness towards Gender, 1919-1991

Katja Doose

7. "One woman started it all". Gendered Approaches to Governance of Knowledge in Postwar Greece

Loukas Freris and Maria Rentetzi

8. "She was only a post-doc": Governing Science by Lab Directors and the Vanishing Credit of Women in the Discovery of RNA Splicing

Pnina Geraldine Abir-Am

Part 3: Individual Paths in Governing the Technosciences

9. When the 'Lady of Washington' Explored Men's Work: Industrial Medicine, Labour and Gender in Early Twentieth-Century America

Judith Rainhorn

10. Feminism behind Science in the United States: Women's Governance and Leadership in Reproductive Sciences

Angeline Durand-Vallot

11. Women with Transmitters: Female Engineers and the Gendering of Technology in the Soviet Union

Ekaterina Rybkina

12. The Women Who Count: Gendering Calculations in the Soviet Atomic Project

Galina Orlova and Aleksandra Kasatkina

13. How to Save a Soviet Nature Reserve: The Strategies of Dr. Vera Varsanofieva

Olga Valkova

14. Forging a New Archaeological Discipline in the Kitchen: The Volunteer Career of Arlette Leroi-Gourhan

Gwendoline Torterat